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Cell Theory • Cell Theory 1. All living things are made up of cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things… 3. Cells arise from other cells • How did scientists come up with this? – Invention & Discovery • Lead to development of technology – Microscopes (1600s-Hooke, 1700s- van Leeuwenhoek) • Use technology to further understand world General Microscope Info •Light microscope (LM) •Transmission microscope (TEM) – Stained with ions •Scanning microscope (SEM) – 3D images Cell Size • How many cell do you think are in your body? – 100 trillion (100,000,000,000,000 ) • Why are there so many small cells instead of fewer larger ones? – Surface Area! •Smaller cells can move easier and quicker to meet other cell needs •Have high surface area to volume ratio Label the Parts 3 1 2 10 9 8 4 5 6 7 Cell Theory • Cell Theory 1. All living things are made up of cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things… 3. Cells arise from other cells General Microscope Info •Light microscope (LM) •Transmission microscope (TEM) – Stained with ions •Scanning microscope (SEM) – 3D images Common Features of Cells – Plasma membrane • Defines boundary & regulates traffic of chemicals – Ribosomes • Where proteins are made – Cytoskeleton • Microscopic fibers – Cytoplasm • Entire region between nucleus and plasma membrane • Consists of various organelles suspended in fluid Plasma Membrane • Regulates the traffic of chemicals into and out of the cell as well as provides support • Very thin but SUPER important! • Maintains a specific chemical environment • Phospholipid Bilayer P NP Phospholipid Bilayer P NP Phospholipid Bilayer What is a Phospholipid? • A Lipid molecule that has a –Hydrophilic Head (LOVES water) –Hydrophobic Tail (afraid of water) Line up side by side to make cell membrane Embedded Proteins in Bilayer Transport across the membrane?..... COMING SOON 2 Basic Cell Types Prokaryotic cells: Do not have a nucleus or most organelles Domains: Archaea and Bacteria Basic Cell Types - Eukaryotic Do Now: Answer these in your notebooks 1. What is the difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells 2. What is the difference between animal cells and plant cells? 3. What kind of organisms have prokaryotic cells 4. What kind of organisms have eukaryotic cells 1.Cell Membrane • Common to all cells • Selective permeability - regulates what enters and leaves • Made of lipid bilayer • Various molecules are attached to it 2. Cell Wall - found in plants - surrounds the cell membrane - protects and supports the cell - allows substances to pass through easily 3.Nucleus • Contains chromosomes (DNA) 4.Ribosomes •Construct proteins from the instructions of DNA. 5.Cytoplasm Everything in between the cell membrane and the nuclear membrane. Includes: - Organelles (in eukaryotic cells) 6. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Network of channels that transports materials through the inside of the cell • Smooth ER: does not have ribosomes attached Makes lipids!! • Rough ER: has ribosomes attached; where protein synthesis occurs 7.Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Body) Modifies, collects, packages and distributes proteins to their destinations. Arranged in a series of flattened stacks. 8. Vacuoles • Storage structurestores water • Large in plants supports leaves and flowers • Central Vacuole ONLY IN PLANT 9.Contractile Vacuole • Expels excess water that comes into a cell. • In some single celled freshwater organisms. 10. Lysosomes Contain chemicals and enzymes for digesting materials in the cell 11. Chloroplast • Found in plant cells. • Structure: • 2 outer membranes enclosing a fluid filled space • Disks which trap energy from sunlight. 12. Mitochondria • Produces ATP – energy for cells • Structure: 2 membranes • Inner membrane – cell respiration occurs • Outer membrane Compare and Contrast Compare and Contrast Label the Parts of the Cell! Animal and Plant cell labeling and color coding!