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Cell Theory
• Cell Theory
1. All living things are made up of cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in
living things…
3. Cells arise from other cells
• How did scientists come up with this?
–
Invention & Discovery
• Lead to development of technology
– Microscopes (1600s-Hooke, 1700s- van Leeuwenhoek)
• Use technology to further understand world
General Microscope Info
•Light microscope (LM)
•Transmission microscope (TEM)
– Stained with ions
•Scanning microscope (SEM)
– 3D images
Cell Size
• How many cell do you think are in your
body?
– 100 trillion (100,000,000,000,000 )
• Why are there so many small cells instead
of fewer larger ones?
– Surface Area!
•Smaller cells can move easier and quicker to meet
other cell needs
•Have high surface area to volume ratio
Label the Parts
3
1
2
10
9
8
4
5
6
7
Cell Theory
• Cell Theory
1. All living things are made up of
cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure
and function in living things…
3. Cells arise from other cells
General Microscope Info
•Light microscope (LM)
•Transmission microscope (TEM)
– Stained with ions
•Scanning microscope (SEM)
– 3D images
Common Features of Cells
– Plasma membrane
• Defines boundary & regulates traffic of chemicals
– Ribosomes
• Where proteins are made
– Cytoskeleton
• Microscopic fibers
– Cytoplasm
• Entire region between nucleus and plasma membrane
• Consists of various organelles suspended in fluid
Plasma Membrane
• Regulates the traffic of
chemicals into and out of
the cell as well as
provides support
• Very thin but SUPER
important!
• Maintains a specific
chemical environment
• Phospholipid Bilayer
P
NP
Phospholipid Bilayer
P
NP
Phospholipid Bilayer
What is a Phospholipid?
• A Lipid molecule that has a
–Hydrophilic Head
(LOVES water)
–Hydrophobic Tail
(afraid of water)
Line up side by side to make cell
membrane
Embedded Proteins in Bilayer
Transport across the membrane?..... COMING SOON
2 Basic Cell Types
Prokaryotic cells:
 Do not have a nucleus or most organelles
 Domains: Archaea and Bacteria
Basic Cell Types - Eukaryotic
Do Now: Answer these in your notebooks
1. What is the difference between prokaryotic
cells and eukaryotic cells
2. What is the difference between animal cells
and plant cells?
3. What kind of organisms have prokaryotic cells
4. What kind of organisms have eukaryotic cells
1.Cell Membrane
• Common to all cells
• Selective permeability - regulates
what enters and leaves
• Made of lipid bilayer
• Various molecules are attached to
it
2. Cell Wall
- found in plants
- surrounds the cell
membrane
- protects and supports
the cell
- allows substances to
pass through easily
3.Nucleus
• Contains chromosomes (DNA)
4.Ribosomes
•Construct proteins from the
instructions of DNA.
5.Cytoplasm
Everything in between the
cell membrane and the
nuclear membrane.
Includes:
- Organelles
(in eukaryotic cells)
6. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):
Network of channels that transports materials
through the inside of the cell
• Smooth ER: does not have ribosomes attached
Makes lipids!!
• Rough ER: has ribosomes attached; where
protein synthesis occurs
7.Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Body)
Modifies, collects, packages and
distributes proteins to their
destinations.
Arranged in a
series of
flattened
stacks.
8. Vacuoles
• Storage structurestores water
• Large in plants supports leaves and
flowers
• Central Vacuole
ONLY IN PLANT
9.Contractile Vacuole
• Expels excess
water that comes
into a cell.
• In some single
celled freshwater
organisms.
10. Lysosomes
Contain chemicals and enzymes
for digesting materials in the cell
11. Chloroplast
• Found in plant cells.
• Structure:
• 2 outer membranes
enclosing a fluid filled
space
• Disks which trap energy
from sunlight.
12. Mitochondria
• Produces ATP – energy for cells
• Structure: 2 membranes
• Inner membrane – cell respiration occurs
• Outer membrane
Compare and Contrast
Compare and Contrast
Label the Parts of the Cell!
Animal and Plant cell
labeling and
color coding!