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Transcript
Standard S7L2b: Relate cells structures (cell membranes, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, mitochondria) to basic cell functions Did You Know? • We are made up of microscopic living things called: CELLS • There are Approximately 100 TRILLION cells in the Human Body. 100 Trillion The Parts • Cells are made up of Different Parts! • Each Part has a Specific Function! • The Parts: – – – – – – – – – – – Nucleus Mitochondria Cytoplasm Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi Bodies (Apparatus) Vacuoles Lysosomes Cell Membrane Cell Wall Chloroplast Cell Membrane • A protective barrier that encloses a cell. • Regulates what enters and leaves the cell. – Cell Membrane is like a Fence. Cytoplasm • Gel-like fluid found all throughout the cell. • Constantly Moving (Swishing around) • All Other Parts are Suspended in Cytoplasm! • Like Jell-O The Nucleus • DNA (our genes) Found here! – Directs all of the cell’s activities – tells all the other parts what to do! • Houses Nucleolus • Acts like the Brain! Nucleolus • Found INSIDE the Nucleus! Mitochondria • Break down Sugar to Produce all Energy! – In the form of ATP – Power plant of the Cell Where is Mitochondria?? Ribosomes • Hooks amino acids together to make proteins – All cells need proteins to live – Smallest of ALL organelles Where are Ribosomes? Endoplasmic Reticulum • Site of many chemical reactions • Carry proteins, lipids, and other materials around the cell • Two Types: Smooth and Rough • Like Roadways Where is the: • Rough E.R.? • Smooth E.R? Golgi Bodies: • Recieves Proteins (mail) from the E.R. • Packages them (puts it in envelope) • Distributes them to other parts of cell (Mailman) – A.K.A Golgi Apparatus or Golgi Complex – Like Postoffice Where are Golgi Bodies??? Vacuoles • Stores food and water, – Like a storage container • In plant cells: – Very large – Also act like a lysosome Where is the Vacuole? Some Animal Cells have Vacuoles while Others Don’t!! Lysosomes • Contains digestive enzymes, gets rid of waste materials and recycles old cell parts – Janitors of the Cell – Found in animal cells Where are the Lysosomes?? Cell Wall • The outermost structure of a plant cell. – Made of Cellulose – Also found in fungi and prokaryotic cells Chloroplast • Organelle that uses the energy of sunlight to make food (photosynthesis) – Found in plant and algae cells – Make the cells green Recap: • Cells are Made of Parts • Each Part has a Function: – Cytoplasm? • Surrounds and Constantly Moves Organelles – Nucleus? • Brain – Mitochondria? • Powerplant – Endoplasmic Reticulum? • Roadways – Ribosomes? • Protein Factories – Golgi Bodies? • Post Office – Vacuoles? • Food Storage Containers – Lysosomes? • Janitors