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Transcript
How does a cell survive? http://www.cs.brown.edu/stc/outrea/greenhouse/nursery/biology/home.html • Everything, from the structure covering the cells to the organelles inside them, performs a task that helps to keep the cell alive. Cell Membrane • Holds the cell’s inside organelles together • Allows nutrients in and waste products out Phospholipids Molecules • Make up the cell membrane and are made of fatty acids and glycerol & phosphates. Cell Wall • Only in plants and algae • Made of cellulose • Provides strength/support around the membrane • It allows trees, leaves, & plants to stand up. Nucleus • Means “kernel” or “nut” • Is covered by a membrane which allows materials to pass. • Is the control center of the cell • Stores DNA (Which makes protein) Nucleolus • Dark spot inside the nucleus • Stores material to make ribosomes. Nucleus DNA Nucleolus Ribosomes • Are proteins (made of amino acids) which are the building blocks of the cell. • Small organelles in every cell b/c they need protein. • Have no membranes. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Covered with membrane • Makes lipids • Breaks down drugs/chemicals that might harm the cell • Internal delivery system • Moves through the tubular connections Mitochondria • The cells “power plant” • Food molecules are broken down in the cell to release energy. • Then, ATP moves energy to Mitochondria • Bean shaped • 2 membranes • Work only with oxygen Outer and Inner Membranes Chloroplasts • • • • • Only in plants and algae Energy-converting from the sun 2 membranes Looks like stacked coins Contain Chlorophyll (green) which traps light and makes it into sugar (photosynthesis) Chloroplasts & Mitochondria • Theory that they evolved from anceient bacteria. • Created by cells eating each other. • Have the same kind of ribosomes and circular DNA. & = Old Bacteria The Golgi Bodies • From ER it transports modified lipids & proteins in its’ membrane. • Named after Camillo Golgi (Italian) • Look like ER but are close to cell membrane Vesicles • Membrane covered compartments • Formed from ER Golgi Ex. How white blood cells eat other cells. Check out the picture on page 73 in your text book. Vacuoles • Only in plants • Membrane covered chamber • Full of water Ex. Oranges Ever wonder how to make lettuce crisp or roses red? Lysosomes • Only in animal cells • Vesicles with enzymes. • Destroy worn-out or damaged cells • Get rid of waste • Protect the cell. Ex. Caterpillars, tadpole’s tales, aging Plant Cell Animal Cell Plant Cell So now, create a Venn diagram comparing a plant and animal cell.