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Download 3 Bio Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Function (Ch 7.2)
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Transcript
Ch 7.2: Cell Organelles Biology I Wilson Objectives Identify the different organelles inside cells Describe the structure and function of organelles Distinguish between plant and animals cells Eukaryotic Cells Animal Cells Plant Cells Protist Fungi Animal Cell Organelles Nucleus Ribosomes Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes Mitochondria Centrioles Plant Cell Organelles Nucleus Ribosomes Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes Mitochondria Vacuoles/Central Vacuole Chloroplasts Nucleus Type of Cells: Eukaryote Plants Animals Fungi Protists Pronunciation: Nu-Klee-us Nucleus: Organelle Function Contains DNA, the information that controls the cell Controls Cell Processes The Boss of a company Nucleus: Organelle Function Made up of Nuclear Envelope: surrounds nucleus Nuclear Pore: openings in envelope Chromatin: DNA bound to proteins Nucleolus: Assembly of Ribosomes Nucleus Drawing Ribosome Type of Cells: Prokaryote and Eukaryotes Pronunciation: Ry-bo-zoem Ribosome: Organelle Function Small particles of RNA and Proteins Found: Free within the cytoplasm Attached to Rough ER Protein Synthesis Produce (make) proteins Making of the item to be shipped Ribosome Drawing Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth) Type of Cell: Eukaryotes Pronunciation: En-doh-PLAZ-mikrih-TIK-yuh-lum Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth): Organelle Function Folding layers of membranes Packaging Center for Transports materials (proteins or other items) Where lipid bilayers are added to the materials that need to be transported Detoxification of drugs Liver contains a large sum of Smooth ER Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Drawing Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough) Types of Cells: Eukaryotes Plants, Animals, Protists, Fungi Pronunciation: En-doh-PLAZ-mikrih-TIK-yuh-lum Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough): Organelle Function Folding layers of membranes E.R. with attached Ribosomes Same functions as Smooth E.R. adding a lipid bilayer In addition has ribosomes attached making proteins Packages the proteins Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough): Organelle Function Like putting the item to be shipped in a box (box is the packaging) Sends packaged proteins to other parts of the cell (conveyer belt) Found Right Next to the Nucleus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Drawing Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Body) Type of Cell: Eukaryotes Pronunciation: Goal-gee App-ahrat-us Golgi Apparatus: Organelle Function Also called Golgi Body Takes in the proteins that were packaged by the ER Finalizes the packaging of the vesicle (like adding tape to seal the box) Modifies and sorts the proteins (puts package in trucks to be shipped) Lysosome Types of Cells: Eukaryotes Pronunciation: LY-suh-sohmz Lysosome: Organelle Function Small round membrane surrounded organelles filled with enzymes Found anywhere in the cytoplasm Digests or breaks down macromolecules so they can be used by the rest of the cell Eat worn out organelles Remove “junk” Cleanup Crew Lysosome Drawing Sometimes they are called suicide bags because they encase the worn out part that is to be digested. Tay-Sachs disease can be traced if lysosomes don’t function properly Mitochondria Type of Cells: Eukaryotes Pronunciation: Myt-oh-KAHN-dreeuh Mitochondria: Organelle Function Enclosed by two membranes Outer membrane Inner membrane is folded up inside the organelle Power House of the Cell (makes ATP) Mitochondria: Organelle Function Convert chemical energy to useful compounds (converts food) Glucose + O2 H2O + CO2 + Energy (ATP) Source of Energy (Power Company) Inherited from the cytoplasm of the ovum (egg)…Your Mom Mitochondria Movie Cell Membrane Type Cells: Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Cell Membrane Bilipid layer (2 layers of phospholipids) Also has proteins, cholesterol, carbohydrates Regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cell Analogy – Fence and/or gate Cytoskeleton: Types of Cells: Eukaryotes Pronunciation: Site-oh-skell-iton Cytoskeleton: Microfilaments Threadlike Tough, flexible framework that supports cell Helps cells move Cytoskeleton: Microtubules Types of Cells: Eukaryotes Pronunciation: Mik-roe-toob-you-els Cytoskeleton: Microtubules Hollow Maintains cell’s shape (foundation and framework) Microtubule Drawing Cytoskeleton Types of Cells: Eukaryotes – Animal Cells Only Pronunciation: Scent-tree-ohls Cytoskeleton: Centrioles Hollow Support structure Used in cell division Central Vacuole Types of cells: Eukaroytes – Plants and some Protists Pronunciation: VAK-yoo-ohlz Animal Cells Animal Cells Central Vacuole: Organelle Function Saclike structure Stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates Cells Storage Facility Other Vacuoles Found in Eukaryotes Storage Units Pumps water out of cell to maintain homeostasis Chloroplast Types of cells: Eukaryotes – Plants and Protists Pronunciation: Klohr-oh-plast Chloroplast: Organelle Function Captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy Solar Powers the Plant Drives Photosynthesis Reaction is Catalyzed by Light Cell Wall Type of Cell Eukaryotes – Plants and Protists Prokaryotes Cell Wall Made of cellulose (carbohydrate starch) Provides protection Prevents cell from exploding when filled with water Plant Cells Plant Cells