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Transcript
Types of Cells Prokaryotic- no nucleus. Simple cells. Found in bacteria Eukaryotic- nucleus. Complex cells. Found in animals, plants Cell Organelles- parts Nucleus The nucleus is the storehouse for DNA and controller of the cell. The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear membrane (envelope) DNA makes up chromosomes, which carry the genetic code for a cell. The Nucleus Cell (plasma) Membrane Surrounds the cell, like the “skin” of the cell. Regulates what enters and leaves the cell and provides protection and support for the cell. Cell (plasma) membrane THE CELL MEMBRANE HAS 2 LAYERS -bilipid layer with floating proteins CELL MEMBRANE Cytoplasm CYTOPLASM a thick liquid inside all cells aka “Cell Jelly” Supports all cell organelles Ribosome Creates and Assembles small protein parts Located on the surface of the Rough Endoplasmic reticulum or free floating. Endoplasmic Reticulum The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a series of tubes that assembles and transport materials. The ER is made up of rough and smooth regions “Highways” Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum • Rough ER = with ribosome • Transports proteins This is Rough Endoplasmic reticulum. Notice the ribosomes! Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum rough ER (with ribosomes) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum •Smooth = No ribosomes •Creates and Transports lipids Golgi Apparatus (Bodies/complex) The Golgi is in charge of secretion of chemicals. 1) Substances arrive there and are changed 2) Then they are repackaged and sent other places in the cell. 3) Sometimes substances are sent out of the cell. Golgi Bodies Golgi Bodies Lysosomes cells' garbage disposal system contain enzymes that break apart nearly all cell molecules. digest worn out cell parts If the lysosome breaks, it can destroy the cell! Mitochondria Mitochondria are the energy production centers of the cell. Mitochondria convert glucose and O2 into energy. “powerhouse” Many found in muscle cells. Mitochondria Mitochondria Vacuoles The vacuole is a fluid filled organelle that stores amino acids, sugars, water and wastes. Much larger in plants. Plant vacuole Animal vacuole Typical Animal Cell Typical Plant Cell Golgi body central vacuole nucleus chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria cell wall plasma membrane Centrioles 1) found only in animal cells 2) involved in cell reproduction Movie A word about plants… Plant cells contain additional organelles that are absent from animal cells! Cell Wall Plant cells are also surrounded by a cell wall, in addition to a plasma membrane. The cell wall is a tough layer that supports a cell and gives it shape. Cell wall Cell membrane Chloroplast The chloroplast is a special organelle necessary to carry out photosynthesis. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, a green pigment. They belong to a group of organelles called “Plastids”. They are involved in the synthesis and storage of food products.
