Download Biology Cells Notes

Bell Ringer
Which of the following items are
composed of cells and which are not?
Brick
Dandelion
Glass
Stone
Baseball bat
Beetle
CELL STRUCTURE AND
FUNCTION
CH. 4
Standards
SPI3210.1.2 – I can distinguish between
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
SPI3210.1.1 – I can identify cellular
organelles associated with major cell
processes.
Section 1 Objectives
Name the scientist who first observed
living and nonliving cells.
State the three principles of the Cell
Theory
Explain why the cell is considered to be
the basic unit of life.
I. History of Cells
A.) How Do We Study Cells?
- Microscopes
B.) Robert Hooke
- first person to observe cells
- observed cork cells and described them
as “many little boxes that reminded him
of cubicles where monks live”
I. History of Cells
I. History of Cells
C.) Anton van Leeuwenhoek
- first person to observe living cells
- observed protists and called them
“animalicules”
II. THE CELL THEORY
A.) ALL living organisms are composed of
one or more cells
B.) Cells are the BASIC units of structure
and function in an organism
C.) Cells come ONLY from the reproduction
of other cells
Section 1 Review
P. 71
# 4, 5, 7, and 9
Active Reading Worksheet
Bell Ringer #2
Standards
SPI3210.1.2 – I can distinguish between
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
SPI3210.1.1 – I can identify cellular
organelles associated with major cell
processes.
III. CELL DIVERSITY
A.) Cells come in various sizes and shapes
B.) Cells MUST be small
Need a HIGH surface area-to-volume ratio
Allows them to exchange substances more efficiently
Math Skills
C.) Calculate the surface area and volume
of the following…..
1. 1 cm cube
2. 3 cm cube
3. 6 cm cube
 Volume = LxWxH
 Surface area = LxWxNumber of Sides
IV. 2 BASIC TYPES OF CELLS
A.) Prokaryotes
No nucleus
No organelles except
ribosomes
B.) Eukaryotes
Has a nucleus
& organelles
V. ORGANIZATION OF HIGHER ORDER
ORGANISMS
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
Organism
Section 2 Review
WB pgs. 3-4
Standards
SPI3210.1.1 – I can identify the cellular
organelles associated with major cell
processes.
Research Organelles using
cellsalive.com
Research Organelles using book (pg.77)
VI. Cellular Organelles
The following organelles are found in both
animal and plant cells.
A.) CELL MEMBRANE
- Controls what enters and leaves the cell
- Separates the cell from its external
environment
- Made up of phospholipid bilayer
- Lipids repel water
B.) NUCLEUS
- Found usually in center of eukaryotic cells
- Control Center
- Contains DNA
C.) MITOCHONDRIA
- POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL
- Powers the cell’s chemical reactions
- Makes ATP
- Have their own DNA
- Reproduce themselves
D.) RIBOSOMES
- Site where proteins are made
- Some are free-floating in cytosol
- Some are found on the rough ER
E.) ROUGH ER
- Functions as an intracellular highway
- Contains ribosomes
- Site of major protein synthesis
- Sends newly made proteins to Golgi
F.) SMOOTH ER
- Lacks ribosomes
- Builds lipids such as cholesterol
- Builds sex hormones
- Testosterone & Estrogen
G.) GOLGI APPARATUS
- Packaging and distribution center of the
cell
- “Post Office” of the cell
- Packages, labels, and sends PROTEINS where
they need to go
H.) LYSOSOMES
- Vesicles that contain digestive enzymes
- Bud from the Golgi Apparatus
- “Trash Can” or “Recycling Center” of the cell
I.) CENTRAL VACUOLE
- Stores large amounts of water for the cell
- Can take up 90% of cell
- Cells expand when full
- Cells shrink when dry
VII. Plant Cell Organelles
In addition to the previous 8, plant cells
ALSO have………….
A.) CELL WALL
- Found outside the cell membrane
- Gives a plant cell added structural support
- Contains Cellulose
B.) CHLOROPLAST
- Organelles that use light energy to make
carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and
water
- Where PHOTOSYNTHESIS occurs
Standards
SPI3210.1.1 – I can identify the cellular
organelles associated with major cell
processes.
VIII. Cell Structure
A.) Cytoskeleton
- network of tiny tube-like structures that
criss-cross throughout the cytoplasm that
acts like a skeleton helping the cell keep
its shape.
VIII. Cell Structure
B.) Microtubules
- hollow tubes made of protein tubulin.
C.) Microfilaments
- long fine threads of protein actin.
VIII. Cell Structure
D.) Parts of Nucleus
1.) Nucleolus
- center of nucleus
2.) Nuclear Envelope
- outer boundary of nucleus
3.) Chromatin
- DNA that fills nucleus
VIII. Cell Structure
E.) Centrioles
- help things separate during cell division
so that each new cell has organelles it
needs to survive.
IX. Cell Movement
A.) Cilia
- tiny hair-like structures
B.) Flagella
- looks like a tail
Cell Labeling
 www.purposegames.com
Search “cellular organelles”
Hit search again
Plant cell and animal cell labeling games (1st two)
Organelle Functions Quiz
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Lysosomes
Golgi Body
Chloroplast
Cell Wall
Vacoule
Chromatin
Cytoskeleton(Microtubules)
Nucleolus
Assignment
 Write a paragraph where you take
personification of a cellular organelle. Explain
the function of the organelle and be creative in
the process.
Ex: Mom! Something is wrong with me. This
morning I woke up covered in bumps. Yesterday
my skin was smooth and pretty, but today
something has attached to me and caused me to
be covered in bumps. For some reason, all
these bumps attached to me gives me the urge
to make proteins and send them to places that
need them.
Cellular Organelle Project
 SPI3210.1.1 – I can identify the cellular
organelles associated with major cell
processes.
 Groups of 2
 Create a book about cellular organelles.
 Each person should have 6 organelles
 Include illustrations and functions
 Book Cover
 Text must be typed!!!
Study Island Assignment #3
www.studyisland.com
Login
My Classes
Biology (Third Assignment)
Chapter Review
- pg. 92 (5,7,12-14, 16-18,19-22, 24, 25, 28)
- Write your answers in complete sentences
please!!!
- Cell Books will be due on Monday. You will also
have a test and Homework Packs will be due on
Thursday.
Cells Review Game
Name That
Structure
1
2
3
4
5
6
77
8
I’m Special What am I? Also
Known As
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
4
5
5
5
6
6
6
7
7
7
8
8
8
CELLS TEST
SPI3210.1.2 – I can distinguish between
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
SPI3210.1.1 – I can identify cellular
organelles associated with major cell
processes.