Download Cells that move organs and body parts

Chapter 3
Cells and Tissues
Lecture Presentation by
Patty Bostwick-Taylor
Florence-Darlington Technical College
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cell Extensions
• Surface extensions found in some cells
– Cilia move materials across the cell surface
• Located in the respiratory system to move mucus
– Flagella move the cell
• The only flagellated cell in the human body is sperm
– Microvilli are tiny, fingerlike extensions of the
plasma membrane
• Increase surface area for absorption
– Common in intestines and kidneys
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cell Diversity
• The human body houses over 200 different
cell types
– Don’t worry- you don’t have to know them all!
• Cells vary in length from 1/12,000 of an inch
to over 1 yard (nerve cells)
• Cell shape reflects its specialized function
– an example of how structure determines function
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cell Diversity
• Cells that connect body parts
– Fibroblast
• Secretes cable-like fibers
– Erythrocyte (red blood cell)
• Carries oxygen in the bloodstream
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 3.8a Cell diversity.
Fibroblasts
Rough ER and Golgi
apparatus
No organelles
Nucleus
Erythrocytes
(a) Cells that connect body parts
Cell Diversity
• Cells that cover and line body organs
– Epithelial cell
• Packs together in sheets
• Intermediate fibers resist tearing during rubbing or
pulling
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 3.8b Cell diversity.
Epithelial
cells
Nucleus
Intermediate
filaments
(b) Cells that cover and line body organs
Cell Diversity
• Cells that move organs and body parts
– Skeletal muscle and smooth muscle cells
• Contractile filaments allow cells to shorten forcefully
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 3.8c Cell diversity.
Skeletal
muscle cell
Contractile
filaments
Nuclei
Smooth
muscle cells
(c) Cells that move organs and body parts
Cell Diversity
• Cell that stores nutrients
– Fat cells
• Lipid droplets stored in cytoplasm
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Figure 3.8d Cell diversity.
Fat cell
Lipid droplet
Nucleus
(d) Cell that stores
nutrients
Cell Diversity
• Cell that fights disease
– Macrophage (a phagocytic cell)
• Digests infectious microorganisms
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 3.8e Cell diversity.
Lysosomes
Macrophage
Pseudopods
(e) Cell that fights
disease
Cell Diversity
• Cell that gathers information and controls
body functions
– Nerve cell (neuron)
• Receives and transmits messages to other body
structures
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 3.8f Cell diversity.
Processes
Rough ER
Nerve cell
Nucleus
(f) Cell that gathers information and
controls body functions
Cell Diversity
• Cells of reproduction
– Oocyte (female)
• Largest cell in the body
• Divides to become an embryo upon fertilization
– Sperm (male)
• Built for swimming to the egg for fertilization
• Flagellum acts as a motile whip
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 3.8g Cell diversity.
Flagellum
Nucleus
Sperm
(g) Cell of reproduction
Cell Physiology
• Cells have the ability to:
– Metabolize
– Digest food
– Dispose of wastes
– Reproduce
– Grow
– Move
– Respond to a stimulus
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.