Download Animal Cell

Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane – outer boundary
–
In plants & animals
–
Structure:
–
•
Phospholipid bilayer
•
Contains lipids (bilayer), proteins (channels), and
carbohydrate chains (identification cards)
–
hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic tails
Function:
•
•
•
Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
Semi-permeable membrane
Protection and support
Nucleus •
In plants and animals
•
Function:
– Information center
of the cell
– Contains DNA
(chromatin vs.
chromosomes)
– Directs/controls cell
activities
control center
Nucleolus •
In plants &
animals
•
Function:
–
–
a small, darkened
region in the
nucleus that is
made up of RNA
and proteins
where ribosomes
are made
Mitochondria
• In plants & animals
• Structure:
– Double membrane
• Cristae - inner folds, increase surface area
• Outer membrane for protection of cell
• Function:
– “Powerhouse” of the cell
– Able to self-replicate ( # in cells with high energy need)
– Releases energy from food for the organism to use
Ribosomes
• In plants & animals
• Structure:
– Little “dots”
– Small (25 nm) ball-like
structures
– Found free-floating in cytoplasm
or attached to rough
endoplasmic reticulum
– Composed of RNA and protein
• Function:
– Synthesis of proteins (where
proteins are made)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• In plants & animals
• Structure:
– Network of flattened sacs
– Can be rough (w/ ribosomes) or
smooth (w/o)
• Function:
– Transport materials within or out of
cell – intracellular highway
– Synthesis of macromolecules
• Rough - proteins, lipids, carbs
• Smooth - lipids
Lysosome
• In animals only
• Structure:
– Small, circular structures
– Found only in animal cells
– Contain digestive enzymes
• Function:
– Digestion of:
• Worn out organelles
• Debris
• Large ingested particles
– Lysosomes are responsible for your hands not being webbed!!
Golgi Apparatus
• In plants & animals
• Structure:
– Flattened stacks of membranes
– Vesicles attached to top and bottom
• Function:
– Collection, modification, packaging of proteins
and other substances
• Vesicles attach, deposit materials
• GA modifies materials based on needs
• Vesicles attach to membrane and distribute
modified substances
Vacuole
• In plants - 1 large, central
• In animals – several small
• Function:
– Storage of water, salts, proteins,
carbohydrates, waste products
– Pressure system for plants, prevents
wilting
– Special case: contractile vacuole prevents excess water intake,
leading to cell-bursting
Cell Wall –
surrounds the cell membrane
•
Only in plants (& algae & some
bacteria)
•
Lies outside the cell
membrane
•
Function
–
–
–
Helps to protect and support the
cell
Very porous (water, oxygen,
carbon dioxide, etc. can pass
through easily)
Gives rectangular shape to plant
cells
Plastids
• Only in plants
• Function:
– Chloroplast - Conversion of light
energy (sun) into chemical energy
(glucose/food)
– Chromoplasts – Store pigments
(ex. carrot root cells, flower
petals)
– Amyloplasts - Store food/starch
Cytoskeleton • In plants
– microtubules, intermediate filaments,
microfilaments
• In animals
– all
• Function: maintains cell shape and
provides internal support
– Microtubules - hollow tubes of proteins, hold
organelles in place, maintain shape, act as
tracks that guide organelle movement
– Intermediate filaments – rods that anchor
organelles in place
– Microfilaments – long & threadlike, used for
cell movement
– Cilia – short, hairlike projections used for cell
movement
– Flagella – long, taillike projections used for
movement
– Centrioles – organize microtubules during cell
division
framework
Who Am I?
(quick review)
• I stated all plants are made of cells
• I stated all cells come from the division of
preexisting cells
• I coined the term “cell” when I looked at
slices of cork and dead plant cells
• I am given credit for developing the 1st mini
microscope and I looked at pond water and
made detailed drawings
• I discovered all animals are made of cells
• List 3 organelles you learned about
today.
• Describe the function of each of the
organelles you listed.
• Yes, you should write your name on the
paper