Download Cells Types

Cell Structure & Function
 Agenda:
 Observe
short presentation.
 Partner check handout… Trade
with person next to you.
Sign
“Graded By…” on bottom.
Review
Cell theory
1.
All living things are composed of
cells
2.
Cells are the basic units of
structure & function in all
living things
3.
All cells come from preexisting cells
Cells Types
Prokaryote
Organisms that have DNA
not bound in a nucleus
Bacteria
Very Small
Very Old (3.5 BYO)
Simple
Eukaryote
Organisms with DNA in a
nucleus
Animals
Plants
Protists
Fungus
10-100x larger
Younger in evolution (1.5
BYO)
Complex cellular
organization with many
organelle
Cell Structure & Function
There are 4 basic structures of
all cells:
A. Cell membrane
The vocab
B. Nucleus
term for all of the
structures found
C. Cytoplasm
in the cell is:
D. Ribosomes
ORGANELLES
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Animal
Cell
DNA
Cell Membrane
Plant
1. Cytoskeleton/Cytoplasm
The fluid interior of the cell. This is where all the
organelle float around.
Contains:
2. Microtubules
3. Microfilaments
4. Intermediate
fibers
1. Cytoskeleton
A variety of
filaments
and fibers
that
support cell
structure
and drive
cell
movement.
5. Nucleus
8. DNA/ Chromosomes
7.Nucleolus
6. Nuclear Envelope
The control
&
information
center of
the cell,
houses
DNA.
6. Nuclear
Envelope
*membranes
that surround
the nucleus
*contains
pores which
allow
movement of
materials in &
out of nucleus
7. Nucleolus
-small
region that
contains
RNA and
proteins.
-Ribosomes
are made
here.
8. DNA
Contain the
genetic
information
that must be
passed to
each new
generation of
cells.
9. Ribosomes
Protein
Factories
Two Types:
10. Free
11. Bound
12. Lysosome
- Filled with
enzymes necessary
for digesting waste
materials in the
cell.
- The cells “cleanup crew”
- Vesicles help
move stuff around
the cell.
14. Rough ER
13.Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Modifies and
ship proteins
15. Smooth ER
What do you
notice to be the
difference?
Ribosomes on
rough ER
14. Rough ER
Has ribosomes
attached to the
surface.
Makes &
modifies proteins
that are meant to
leave the cell.
15. Smooth ER
Does not have
ribosomes attached
to the surface.
Modifies and breaks
down lipids &
toxins.
16. Golgi
Apparatus
The apparatus
packages
proteins &
substances for
storage in the
cell or to be
released from
the cell
Outer
Membrane
17.Mitochondria
Inner
Membrane
Cristae
Matrix
The
“powerhouse”
of the cell.
Converts the
chemical
energy stored
in food into
usable
compounds for
the cell.
18. Plasma Membrane
Glycoproteins
Embedded
Proteins
Regulates what
enters and
leaves the cell.
It also aids in
the protection
and support of
the cell.
Phospholipid
Bilayer
Phospholipid
Bilayer
Lipids line up
based on
hydrophilic and
hydrophobic
properties.
Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic
Embedded Proteins
Proteins
help to
move
molecules
across the
membrane
using both
passive
and active
transport.
Glycoproteins
Used for
cellular
recognition
and binding
sites.
E.C. Centriole
What is my
job?
20. Vacuole Saclike structures that
store materials such as
water, salts, proteins, &
carbohydrates.
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Plant
Cell
Cell Wall
19. Chloroplast
Contain
chlorophyll
that trap the
energy
of sunlight
& convert
it into chemical
energy
20. Vacuole
RECALL - saclike structures that
store materials such as water,
salts, proteins, & carbohydrates.
IN PLANTS –
There is a single
large central
vacuole filled
with liquid that
causes pressure
making it
possible for
plants to grow
quickly &
support heavy
structures like
leaves and
flowers
21. Cell Wall
Strong, non-living structure
made of cellulose that
surrounds plants,
algae and some bacteria.
Provides protection and
support for the plant cells.
It is very porous so that
water, oxygen, carbon
dioxide and other
substances
can pass through easily.
BACTERIAL CELL.
PROKARYOTE
22. Plasmid
• Extra DNA the can be traded with other
neighboring bacteria.
• Contains information like antibiotic
resistance.
23. Pili
• A tube of
proteins that
allow bacteria to
trade plasmids.
• Docking
mechanism for
bacteria.
• Not only found
in bacteria,
flagellum allow
cells to perform
locomotion.
24. Flagellum
25.
Peptidoglycan
Capsule
• A variable
substance on
the outside of
some bacteria
that allows it to
form dense
colonies.
• Kinda like
slime.
1.
2.
3.
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
DNA
100%
0%
1
0%
2
3
Cytoskeleton
A
B
C
D
What is labeled here?
Click to animate the image.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ribosome
Smooth ER
Rough ER
Nucleus
100%
0%
1
0%
2
3
0%
4
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Golgi apparatus
94%
0%
1
6%
2
0%
3
4
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cell wall
Nucleus
Capsule
Lysosome
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
 Which
cellular component is common to
BOTH eukaryotes and prokaryotes?




Cell wall
Nucleus
Capsule
Lysosome
 Which
cellular component is common to
BOTH eukaryotes and prokaryotes?




Cell wall (don’t forget plant cells! Plant AND
bacteria cells)
Nucleus (eukaryotes ONLY)
Capsule (prokaryotes ONLY)
Lysosome (Eukaryotes ONLY)
B
Click to animate the image.
C
D
A
E
F
 http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model
.htm
What is the order?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The ER membrane pinches off to encircle the protein.
The vesicle with the protein enters one end of the Golgi apparatus.
In the nucleus, DNA instructions are copied as RNA messages.
Proteins cross the membrane of the rough ER and enter the ER.
The finished protein leaves the other end of the Golgi apparatus in a
new vesicle that buds from the organelle’s surface.
6. The finished protein travels through the cytoplasm to the cell
membrane.
7. The vesicle fuses with the cell membrane, releasing the protein out
of the cell.
8. The vesicle holding the protein travels through the endoplasmic
reticulum and out into the cytoplasm.
9. RNA messages travel to bound ribosomes, where proteins are made.
10. The protein is modified by enzymes.
11. The finished protein is repackaged, enclosed in a new vesicle.