Download Body Cells

Organization of the Body
(Cells)
Chapter Three
Organization of the Body
• In Chapter 2:
Atoms Elements Molecules Compounds
• In the Body: We create higher level of
organization called hierarchies
– series of ordered groupings within a system
CellTissueOrganBody SystemOrganism
CELL
TISSUE
ORGAN
SYSTEM
ORGANISM
Cells
• The basic unit of structure and function of
all living things
• First discovered by Robert Hook in the
1600s under a crude microscope
• Hook looked at cork and reminded him of
monk’s roomCELL.
• Parts are called Organelles
CELL ORGANELLES
Cell Membrane
• aka: plasma membrane
• Membrane separates the cell from its
external environment and other cells
• Regulates the passage or transport of
certain molecules into and out of the cell.
Nucleus
• Most important organelle
• Controls the activities of the cell and
facilitates cell division
• Contains chromosomes which contain the
DNA
Nuclear Membrane
• Contains pores which allow materials to
pass through from the nucleus to the
cytoplasm and vice versa
Cytoplasm
• Sticky, Semifluid material found between
the nucleus and cell membrane.
• Houses the cells organelles
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Provides passages thru which substances
transport in cytoplasm
• 2 types: Rough ER & Smooth ER
• Rough ER has ribosomes studding
membrane
– Ribosomes aid in protein synthesis
– Part is continuous with Nuclear membrane
• Smooth ER aids in cholesterol synthesis,
fat metabolism, & detox of drugs
– Does NOT have ribosomes connected to it
Centromeres & Centrioles
• Centrioles: 2 cylindrical organelles found
near the nucleus
• Centromeres: houses the centrioles
• Essential in cell division
Mitochondria
• Often referred to as the “powerhouse of
the cell”
• Supplies the energy for the cell
• Energy is in the form of ATP
Golgi Apparatus
• Resembles a stack of pancakes
• Helps to manufacture carbs and packages
secretions that are to be discharged from
the cell
Lysosomes
• Spherical bodies in the cytoplasm
• Serves as a center for cellular digestion
• Helps to digest old, worn out cells,
bacteria, and foreign matter
Cytoskeleton
• Inner framework of the cell
• Contains microtubles and filaments
– Microtubles aid in movement of substances
thru cytoplasm
– Filaments provide support of cell
Movement of Materials Across
Cell Membranes
• Physical processes that control passage of
materials across cell membranes:
• Diffusion
• Osmosis
• Filtration
• Active transport
• Phagocytosis
• pinocytosis
Examples of Passive Transport
• Diffusion
• Osmosis
• Filtration
These processes
do not require energy
Active Processes Requiring Energy Source
Active Transport
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Diffusion
• A physical process whereby molecules of
gases, liquids, or solid particles spread or
scatter themselves through a medium.
Blood
Cell
Solutes
eventually
distribute
themselves
evenly,
equilibrium
Osmosis
The diffusion of water or any
other solvent molecule
through a selective
permeable membrane.
The solution flows across the
SPM from areas of lower
solute concentration to higher
solute concentration
In my experience, administration of
hypertonic saline (23.4%) during
dialysis destroyed RBC’s and turned
the blood in the tubing pink.
What type of IVF would be given to a patient who is dehydrated?????