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Transcript
Cell or Plasma Membrane Living layer Cell membrane Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell Selectively permeable 1 Cell Wall Cell wall Nonliving layer Gives structure and shape to plant and bacterial cells 2 Organelles • Very small (microscopic) • Perform various functions for a cell • Found in the cytoplasm • May or may not be membrane-bound 3 Animal Cell Organelles Nucleolus Nucleus Nuclear envelope Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Ribosome (attached) Ribosome (free) Cell Membrane Mitochondrion Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Centrioles 4 Plant Cell Organelles 5 Cellular Structure • Cytoplasm cytoplasm -Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane -Provides a medium for chemical reactions to take place • Cytoskeleton -Cellular framework made of microtubules and microfilaments 6 Nucleus • Controls the normal activities of the cell • Contains the DNA in chromosomes • Bounded by a double layer nuclear envelope (membrane) with pores • Usually the largest organelle 7 Nucleolus • Inside nucleus • Cell may have 1 to 3 nucleoli • Disappears when cell divides • Makes ribosomes that make proteins 8 Ribosomes • • • • Made of PROTEINS and rRNA “Protein factories” for cell Connect amino acids to make proteins Process called protein synthesis 9 Endoplasmic Reticulum - ER • Network of hollow membrane tubules • Connects to nuclear envelope & cell membrane • Functions in Synthesis of cell products & Transport Two kinds of ER ---ROUGH & SMOOTH 10 Smooth & Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth ER lacks ribosomes & makes proteins USED In the cell Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface & makes proteins to EXPORT OUT of the cell 11 Golgi Bodies • Stacks of flattened sacs • Have a shipping side & a receiving side • Receive & modify proteins made by ER • Transport vesicles with modified proteins pinch off the ends Transport vesicle 12 Lysosomes • Contain digestive enzymes • Break down food, bacteria, and worn out cell parts for cells • Lyse & release enzymes to break down & recycle cell parts) 13 Vacuoles • Fluid filled sacks for storage • Small or absent in animal cells • Plant cells have a large Central Vacuole • No vacuoles in bacterial cells 14 Mitochondria • “Powerhouse” of the cell • Generate cellular energy (ATP) • More active cells like muscle cells have MORE mitochondria • Both plants & animal cells have mitochondria • Site of CELLULAR RESPIRATION (burning glucose) 15 Mitochondria Surrounded by a DOUBLE membrane Has its own DNA Folded inner membrane increases surface area for more chemical Reactions 16 Chloroplasts • Found only in producers (organisms containing chlorophyll) • Use energy from sunlight to make own food (glucose) • Energy from sun stored in the Chemical Bonds of Sugars 17 Chloroplasts • Surrounded by double membrane • Contains its own DNA • Contains enzymes & pigments for Photosynthesis • Never in animal or bacterial cells 18 Cilia & Flagella • Cilia are shorter and more numerous on cells • Flagella are longer and fewer (usually 1-3) on cells 19 Cell Movement with Cilia & Flagella 20