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CELL PROCESSES
What keeps them alive?
Moving Cellular Materials
• Cells have a _____
membrane that
regulates what goes
into or out of the cell.
• Passive transport the movement of
substances through a
cell membrane _____
the use of energy.
• Diffusion - when molecules move away
from areas where there are more of them
into areas where there are _____ of them;
stops when molecules of one substance are
spread evenly throughout another substance
and _____ occurs.
• Osmosis - the diffusion of _____ through a
cell membrane.
• In facilitated diffusion, _____ move
substances into and out of the cell.
• Active transport requires _____ to move
substances through a cell membrane.
• Endocytosis - the process in which a
substance is taken into a cell by surrounding
it with the _____, forming a sphere called a
vesicle.
• Exocytosis - the process in which the
membrane of the vesicle fuses with the
cell’s membrane and the vesicle’s contents
are _____ the cell.
• Photosynthesis - the process that plants and
other organisms use to convert _____ into
chemical energy or sugars to be used as
food.
• _____- organisms that make their own food;
_____- organisms that can’t make their own
food.
• Chlorophyll and other pigments are used to
in photosynthesis to capture _____ which is
used to produce sugar and _____.
• Respiration - the process in which
chemical reactions break down food
molecules into simpler substances and ____
• Respiration of carbohydrates begins in the
_____.
• Carbohydrates are broken down into _____.
• Each glucose molecule is broken down into
two _____ molecules, releasing energy.
• Respiration moves into the _____.
• The two simpler molecules are _____ again,
releasing much more energy.
• This process uses _____ and produces CO2
and water as waste.
• Fermentation - cells that do not have
enough oxygen for respiration use this
process to release some of the stored energy
in _____ molecules.
• Entire process occurs in the _____.
• Produces _____, _____, and carbon
dioxide as wastes.
• Photosynthesis and _____ - almost the
opposite of each other.
• Photosynthesis produces __________,
which are used in respiration.
• Respiration produces __________, which
are used in photosynthesis.
permeable
without
fewer
equilibrium
water
Transport proteins
energy
Cell membrane
Released outside
Sunlight energy
producers
consumers
sunlight
oxygen
Released stored energy
cytoplasm
Glucose molecules
simpler
glucose
cytoplasm
Lactic acid, alcohol
mitochondria
Broken down
oxygen
respiration
Sugars and oxygen
Carbon dioxide and water