Download Structure Function

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Cell
The basic unit of structure and
function in a living organism
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Tissue
A group of similar cells that work together
to perform a specific function.
Example: The heart is an organ made of
cardiac muscle tissue, nerve tissue, and
blood tissue.
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Organ
A structure made of two or more
tissues working together to perform
a specific function in an organism
Example: The heart is an organ that
pumps blood throughout the body.
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Organ System
A group of organs that are interdependent
and work together to perform body
functions.
Human organ systems include: circulatory,
digestive, endocrine, excretory, immune,
integumentary, lymphatic, muscular,
nervous, reproductive, respiratory, and
skeletal.
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Organism
Any living thing composed of ONE or
more cells.
*An organism is able to independently
carry out all life processes.
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Organelle
A specialized structure found inside cells that
carries out a specific life process .
Example: ribosomes, vacuoles, nucleus,
mitochondria
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*Count 20 pages from the BACK of your CJ and start this section
Practice Test Question
The food that you eat travels from your mouth, down your esophagus, into
your stomach, and through your small and large intestines before your
body rids itself of solid waste. As the food passes through your body,
it is digested, and you get important nutrients from the food. Which of the
following is the correct term used to describe a group of body parts
working together to perform a specific function?
*Write the underlined part of the question and correct answer
Choice!
A. an organism
B. a tissue
C. an organ system
D. an organ
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Write Both Words
Structure
Function
The shape and The specific job performed
composition of a part of by a part of an organism or
an organism or system system
Example: An organism’s
structure determines its
function.
Example: The function of
muscle cells is to assist in
movement.
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Nucleus
Cell Structure that contains
genetic material. Acts as the
“Brain” of the cell.
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Structure
The shape and composition of a part
of an organism or system
Example: An organism’s structure
determines its function.
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Function
The specific job performed by a part
of an organism or system
Example: The function of muscle
cells is to assist in movement.
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2 Words Today
Nucleus
• In biology it is the cell
structure that contains
genetic material
Chromosome
• A structure in the nucleus
that contains genetic
material
Example: Humans have 23
pairs of chromosomes.
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2 Words Today
Nucleus
• In biology it is the cell
structure that contains
genetic material
Chromosome
• A structure in the nucleus
that contains genetic
material
Example: Humans have 23
pairs of chromosomes.
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Cell Membrane
The protective outer
covering of all cells.
Example: The cell membrane is
semipermeable, allowing some
materials to enter and leave the cell.
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Cell Wall
The stiff outer covering of
plant cells that provides
structure and protection.
Example: The cell wall is composed mostly
of a tough, fibrous material called
cellulose.
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Multicellular
Organisms that consist of more than
one cell, and have differentiated cells
that perform specialized functions in
the organism.
Example: Plants, Animals, Vegetables,
Humans
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Unicellular
An organism consisting of
only one cell.
Example: Bacteria, any microorganism
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( 2 Separate Words)
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
The stiff outer covering The protective outer
of plant cells that
covering of all cells.
provides structure and
protection
Example: The cell
Example: The cell wall is
composed mostly of a tough,
fibrous material called
cellulose.
membrane is
semipermeable, allowing
some materials to enter
and leave the cell
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Mitochondria
Structures in a cell that
produce energy for the
cell. “Powerhouse” of
the cell.
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( 2 Separate Words)
Unicellular
Multicellular
Organisms that consist
of more than one cell,
and have differentiated
cells that perform
specialized functions in
the organism.
Example: Plants,
Example: Bacteria, Animals, Vegetables,
any microorganism Humans
An organism
consisting of
only one cell.
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( 2 Separate Words)
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
A fluid-filled storage
sac found within a
cell.
The gel-like fluid
within a cell that
contains cell
structures
Ex. Vacuoles can store
food, water, or waste
products in a cell.
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Cell Theory
Theory that ALL living things are
made of cells, that ALL cells come
from other cells, and that the cell
is the basic unit of structure and
function in living things.
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Write both in your SHOES & Prefix, Suffix & Root Word
Section in your CJ. ( 2 Separate Words)
Re -
Trans-
Again
Across
Example: Replicate,
Repeat
Example:
Transcription,
Transport
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Cytoplasm
The gel-like fluid within a
cell that contains cell
structures
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Vacuole
A fluid-filled storage sac found
within a cell.
Ex. Vacuoles can store food,
water, or waste products in a
cell.
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1. Pick up a “clicker” hold power
button in top left corner to turn on,
then arrow down and “find class”
select-Graham.
2. “login” in with student ID and
WAIT!
3. Study for cell structure and
function quiz! CJ check will be after
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
A tube-like network of
membranes within the
cytoplasm of cells, where
proteins and lipids are
synthesized
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Golgi Body/Complex
A series (stack) of flattened
membrane-bound sacs in the
cytoplasm that packages
proteins and carbohydrates
into vesicles for export from
the cell.
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Practice Test Questions
*Pick up Hand-out in the tray!*
Answer test questions and put
hand-out the back of your CJ
where your other practice test
questions are.
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Ribosomes
Small structures in the cytoplasm
of cells that make the proteins
needed by the cell.
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Lysosome
A membrane-bound organelle that
contains digestive enzymes that
help break down large molecules.
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Mitosis
The division of genetic material in
a cell nucleus, producing two
nuclei with the identical genetic
makeup as the parent cell.
Also called Cell division
Chloroplast
• Structure only found in plant cells that contain
chlorophyll to enable the plants to make
sugars through photosynthesis
• Chromosomes: structures in the nucleus that
contain genetic material.
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Meiosis
A type of cell division that
produces egg and sperm cells
used in reproduction
Ex. Cells formed though meiosis
have half the number of
chromosomes of the original cell.
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Write both in your SHOES & Prefix, Suffix & Root Word Section
in your CJ. ( 2 Separate Words)
Anthro-
Corp-
(Prefix)
(Prefix)
Means human
Example:
Anthropology,
Anthropologist
Means body
Example: Corporate,
Corporation
Spontaneous Generation
The theory, now discredited,
that living organisms can
arise from nonliving matter
independently
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Cell Theory
Theory that says:
1.ALL living things are made of cells
2.ALL cells come from other cells.
3. The cell is the basic unit of
structure and function in living
things.
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Cytokinesis
A process of cell division in mitosis
and meiosis when the nucleus is
finished dividing.
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System
A group of structures, cycles, and
processes that interact and relate
to each other.
Example: In the human body, the circulatory system
and the respiratory system work together to carry
oxygen to all cells of the body.
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Practice Test Questions
*Pick up Hand-out in the tray!*
Answer test questions and put
hand-out the back of your CJ
where your other practice test
questions are.
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No Word
Unit 8 Post-Test Today!
Come in, make sure you have a
sharpened pencil, start studying
quietly by yourself and wait until
test is handed out.