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Transcript
Part 4 Transcription 24-1 Learning Targets 8. Compare and Contrast DNA and RNA 9. Understand transcription and the role that RNA polymerase plays in it. 10. Know how eukaryotic RNAs are modified before leaving the nucleus. 24-2 RNA Structure & Function • RNA • Single-strand • found in both nucleus & cytoplasm • Composed of nucleotides • Each nucleotide has 3 parts • Phosphate • 5-C sugar--Ribose • 4 possible nitrogen bases • Adenine and guanine • Cytosine and uracil (uracil replaces thymine) • Gene Expression • Segment of DNA codes for a polypeptide 24-3 Types of RNA (Overview) • mRNA- carries genetic information from the DNA out to ribosomes • rRNA- composes ribosomes, site of protein assembly • tRNA- brings in amino acids to the ribosomes 24-4 Transcription • Transcription • Makes RNA from a DNA template • 3 phases-initiation, elongation, termination • Process • RNA polymerase binds to a promoter region • DNA helix unzips • RNA polymerase adds complementary RNA nucleotides • Terminator 24-5 Processing • Primary mRNA becomes mature mRNA • Contains bases complementary to both intron and exon segments of DNA • Intron sequences are removed, • Ribozyme (RNA enzyme) splices exon segments together 24-6
