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Pleiotropy Definition • The ability of a gene to affect more than one characteristic. A B C Several characteristics are affected by the single gene Sickle cell disease • The gene Hb codes for production of haemoglobin. • Hbs is a mutation. • Mutant haemoglobin results in: – Brain damage – Heart and blood vessel damage – Spleen enlargement then atrophy – Kidney damage leading to blood in urine PKU (phenylketonuria) • The PKU gene codes for the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. • This enzyme converts the phenylalanine to tyrosine. Both are amino acids. • Mutations to the gene result in: – Mental retardation – Reduced hair and skin pigmentation – Damage to body parts from toxic levels of phenylalanine • PKU is totally benign if a diet free from phenylalanine is maintained. Fruit fly and vestigial wing • The vestigial gene plays a critical role in wing development. • vv will develop short wings • The affects are: – Cannot fly – Number of egg strings in a fly's ovaries changes – Position of bristles on a fly's scutellum alters, – Length of a fly's life decreases Pigmentation and deafness in cats • About 40% of cats with white fur and blue eyes are deaf • The gene affects pigmentation as well as ability to hear • Pigmentation may play a role in maintaining fluid in ear canals