Download Cell * The smallest functional and structural unit of all living

Cell
* The smallest functional and structural unit of all living organisms
Organism
* Any living thing made up of cells
Cell Membrane
* A protective layer that covers a cell’s surface and acts as a barrier between the
inside of a cell and the cell’s environment
Cytoplasm
* All the fluids and all of the organelles of the cell
Organelle
* A small body in a cell’s cytoplasm that is specialized to perform specific
functions
Nucleus
* Contains the cell’s DNA
* Has role in the processes such as growth, metabolism and reproduction
DNA
* Deoxyribonucleic acid is a genetic material that provides instructions for all cell
processes.
Prokaryote
*A single celled organism that does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound
organelles. Its DNA is located in the cytoplasm
Flagella
* Hair like structures that help prokaryotic cells move
Eukaryote
*An organism made up of cells that contain their DNA in the nucleus. Most are
multi-cellular, but some such as amoebas and yeast are unicellular.
Atom
* The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element
Molecule
* A group of atoms that are held together by chemical bonds; a molecule is the
smallest unit of a compound that keeps all the properties of that compound
Lipid
*A fat molecule that has many jobs including storing energy. Examples include oils,
waxes and steroids
Protein
*A molecule that is made up of amino acids and that is needed to build and repair
body structures and to regulate processes in the body
Carbohydrates
* A class of molecules that includes sugars, starches, and fiber; contains carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen
*Cells use them to release and to store energy.
Nucleic Acid
* A molecule that carries information in cells – made up of smaller molecules called
nucleotides
Nucleotides
*In a nucleic-acid chain, a subunit that consists of sugar, a phosphate and a
nitrogenous base
Phospholipids
* A lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell
membranes
*The head attracts water / The tail repels water
Osmosis
*The diffusion of water through a semi permeable membrane
Cytoskeleton
*Is a network of protein filaments that gives shape and support to the cells
Mitochondrion
* The site of cellular respiration, which releases energy for use by the cel
Cellular Respiration
* The process by which a cell uses oxygen to produce energy from food
Ribosome
* Makes protein by putting together chains of amino acids
Endoplasmic Reticulum
* A system of membranes that is found in a cell’s cytoplasm and that assists in the
production, processing, and transport of proteins and makes lipids
Photosynthesis
* The process by which cells use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make sugar
and oxygen
Chlorophyll
* Green pigment
Golgi complex
* A cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of
the cell
Cell Wall
*A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the
cell
Vacuole
* A fluid filled vesicle found in the cytoplasm of plant cells or protozoan
Chloroplast
*Uses sunlight carbon dioxide and water to make food by photosynthesis
Lysosome
* Produces enzymes that digest wastes, cell parts and foreign invaders
Organism
*A living thing that can carry out life processes by itself
Tissue
*A group of similar cells that perform a common function
Organ
*A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body
Organ System
* A group of organs that work together to perform body functions
Structure
* The arrangement of parts in an organism
Function
* Activity of each part in an organism
Xylem
* Transports water from roots to cells
Phloem
* Transports nutrients made in leaf cells to all parts of the plant
Homeostasis
* The maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment
​itosis
M
* A process of cell division – the nucleus splits to form two identical nuclei
Passive Transport
* The movement of substances across a cell membrane ​
without the use of energy
by the cell
Diffusion
*The movement of particles from regions of ​
higher density​
to regions of ​
lower
density
Active Transport
* The movement of substance across the cell membrane that ​
requires cell to use
energy
Endocytosis
* The process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and enclose the
particle in a vesicle to bring the particle ​
into the cell
Exocytosis
* The process in which a cell ​
releases a particle​
by enclosing the particle in a
vesicle that moves to the cell surface and fuses with the cell membrane
Glucose
*Is a sugar that stores chemical energy