Download AP Biology Discussion Notes

AP Biology
Discussion Notes
Wednesday 2/01/2017
Goals for Today
• Be able to decode the message in
messenger RNA (mRNA)
• Be able to name and describe the two
major steps of protein synthesis (how
proteins are made)
• Be able to list the molecules & structures
involved in Transcription & Translation.
DNA assignment
2/1 Question of the Day
• Identify and write in the processes within
protein synthesis that are abbreviated by
the arrows. Then list the necessary
enzymes & molecules for each process.
•
DNA
RNA Protein
2/1 Question of the Day
• Identify and write in the processes within
protein synthesis that are abbreviated by
the arrows. Then list the necessary
enzymes & molecules for each process.
•
DNA
RNA Protein
Protein Synthesis
Lets put it all together!
Create the mRNA, tRNA and find the Amino
Acid coded for on mRNA
Pick a decoder
Create the mRNA, tRNA and find the Amino
Acid coded for on mRNA
Create the mRNA, tRNA and find the Amino
Acid coded for on mRNA
Important!…..
• The genetic code is REDUNDANT
• but NOT AMBIGUOUS (It is Unambiguous)
What else besides Amino Acids
do you see in your chart?
How do you figure these things out?
• Any ideas how you would start if you don’t
know any of this?
Nobel Winners
Physiology & Medicine 1968
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968 was awarded jointly
to Robert W. Holley, Har Gobind Khorana and Marshall W.
Nirenberg "for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function
in protein synthesis".
Is this genetic code Universal?
• Do all organisms have DNA?
• Do all organisms have RNA?
• Do all organisms’ RNA code for proteins in
the same way (Same codon = same AA)?
The (near) universality of the
genetic code is what allows
transformation to work.
DNA from one organism can
be put into another (AND
FUNCTION) in that other
organism!!!!
The (near) universality of the
genetic code
If I insert the gene (code for 1 _______ )
into another organism, what should
that organism be able to do with it?
(What are the 2 things organisms can do with DNA?)
The (near) universality of the
genetic code
If I insert the gene (code for 1 Protein)
into another organism, what should
that organism be able to do with it?
REPLICATE IT & MAKE
PROTEINS CODED FOR!
Transformation Lab
Transformation Lab
The (near) universality of the
genetic code is what allows –
transformation to work.
National Geographic Story:
• http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/
2009/05/photogalleries/glowing-animalpictures/
On 2/01/2017 I _______ _______
learned how to decode the code
in all* living things.
*almost all
Let’s simplify before we
complicate
Be Student #1 
• Student #1 – Explains protein synthesis
(perfectly) to student #2.
• Student #2 – disagrees about process
• Student #1 – Have you read the story?
• Student #2 – No
• Student #1 – Read the story it makes sense,
a lot of sense!
2/1 Species of the Day
• Leopard Seal
– Hydrurga leptonyx
2/1 Species of the Day
• Leopard Seal
– Hydrurga leptonyx
What do you know about the
RNA of this leopard seal?
(You should have a pretty good
list by now, including processes
that the RNA is involved in)