Download Organelles and specialized structures

CELLULAR ORGANIZATION
1
Organelles and Specialized Structure
1. DNA is usually wrapped around histone proteins making what are called nucleosomes. (T/F)
2. Amino acids are carried to the site of protein synthesis by
a. rRNA
b. tRNA
c. mRNA
d. aaRNA
3. __ is/are synthesized in the nucleolus.
a. rRNA
b. tRNA
c. mRNA
d. a and b
e. a, b and c
4. The process of making RNA using the information from DNA is called
a. translation
b. duplication
c. replication
d. transcription
5. Messenger RNA exits the nucleus though
a. the ER.
b. nuclear pores.
c. exocytosis.
d. facilitated diffusion.
6. Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, the process by which plants harvest light
energy and use it to make glucose. (T/F)
7. Basal bodies are used wherever a flagella or cilia attaches to the cell membrane. (T/F)
8. The nucleolus of the cell is where nuclear protein synthesis is occurring. (T/F)
9. Proteins and RNA must pass through a nuclear pore when entering or leaving the nucleus.
(T/F)
10. The oxidative enzymes necessary for the destruction of toxins are found in
a. mitochondria
b. peroxisomes
c. lysosomes
d. plastids
11. The chloroplast contains __ which appear as grainy structures under the microscope who
function is to absorb sunlight.
a. thylakoids
b. cristae
c. lamina
d. cisternae
12. Which of the following is NOT true of a plant vacuole?
a. it is a relatively large organelle
b. it can be disassembled and reassembled as the plant cell requires
c. it is used to store substances that should not be in the cytosol
d. it is used to recycle waste products
13. Leukoplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, the process by which plants harvest light
energy and use it to make glucose. (T/F)
14. The process of making RNA using the information from DNA is called
a. translation.
b. duplication.
c. replication.
d. transcription.
CELLULAR ORGANIZATION
2
15. Organelles can be conceptually thought of
a. as discrete, potentially free living organisms, brought together for the common good.
b. abstract devices for allowing us to simplify our models of intracellular function.
c. as only being important in bacteria because eukaryotic cells have very few or them.
d. as a way of compartmentalizing functions so that enzymes and their substrates will
be concentrated in one area
16. All mitochondria are inherited from the mother and thus do not participate in sexual
reproduction. This makes mitochondria particularly useful in the study of relationships
between human populations. (T/F)
Matching. Answers may be used more than once or not at all.
A. Vacuole
B. Basal body
E. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
I. Phagosome
J. Leucoplast
M. Mitochondria
N. Nucleus
Q. Rough Endoplasmic Recticulum
C.
F.
K.
O.
R.
Chloroplast
Flagella
Cilia
Operon
Ribosome
D. Dendricyte
G. Golgi
H. Centriole
L. Lysosome
P. Plasmodesma
S. Peroxisome
1.____ Site of phospholipid biosynthesis.
2.____ Site of the majority of energy generation in most eukaryotic cells
3.____ Short, hair-like projections from the cell membrane which are used to push mucous out of
the respiratory tract.
4.____ Organelle containing 9 triplet microtubules found adjacent to the nucleus.
5.____ Site where most hydrolytic enzymes would be located in the cell.
6.____ A protein bound for secretion would enter here immediately after its synthesis.
7.____ A plant organelle used for starch storage.
8.____ A plant organelle used for storage and recycling of waste materials.
9.____ The organelle responsible for sorting, packaging and sending proteins to the correct final
destination.
10.____ Structure housing thylakoid membranes.
11.____ The protein synthesis machinery.
12.____ A secretory protein would initially be glycosylated here.
13.____ The liquid portion of this compartment is called the stroma.
14.____ This organelle uses oxidative enzymes to neutralize toxins and make lipid soluble
molecules water soluble.
15.____ Spermatazoans can swim towards an egg due to the presence of __.
CELLULAR ORGANIZATION
3
16.____ Openings between plant cell walls allowing transport of nutrients and chemical signals.
17.____ Internalized bacteria are digested in this stucture.
18.____ Prior to the internalization of bacteria, the enzymes that will be used in its digestion are
housed in this structure.
19.____ These structure can bind to one type of endoplasmic reticulum giving it a rough
appearance.
20.____ One of these is found in the cytoplasm for each flagella attached to the membrane.
Short Answer
1. Why are some proteins synthesized on the ER while others are synthesized in the cytosol?
What happens to proteins when they move into the lumen of the ER? Briefly describe the
movement of protein from the ER to the golgi.
2. What are 3 lines of circumstantial evidence that support the Endosymbiotic Hypothesis.
What is your opinion of this controversial proposal and on what do you base your opinion?