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Lecture 13
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Lecture 13 objectives
Apply lectin-carb interactions to cell functions
Know the steps of Glycolysis
Describe the logic of Glycolysis
Know the overall energetics of Glycolysis
Apply principles of regulation to understand how Glycolysis is
regulated
Carbohydrates & Lectins
Protein recognition
Function of lysosome?
- Degradative enzymes must get to lysosome!
Proteins made?
- How to “target”?
Specific glycosylation pattern “mails” proteins to lysosome
No glycosylation = ?
Protein recognition
No glycosylation = ?
I-Cell disease
Protein stuck. Effects?
Glycosaminoglycans, etc. form Inclusions in lysosome
Degradative enzymes in blood & urine
I-cell disease
Putting it all together – Glycolysis
Understood thermodynamics of biochemical reactions
Understood reaction rates
Understood how enzymes work
Regulating individual reactions & pathways
So, here we go…
Glycolysis
Glc  Pyruvate
Stage 1:
Stage 2:
Glycolysis steps: Which reactions do what?
Glc in cell
isomer conformation
both 3-C molecules
into 3-C molecules
to enable splitting
into two 3-C molecules
energy (ATP)
1. Fix Glc in cell
2. Get a cleavable molecule
Need to get TWO 3C chains
2.5 Fix the isomer form
3. Cleave into 3C molecules
4. How to use BOTH molecules?
Equilibrium: 96% DHAP!
5. Start energy generation phase
Carbon oxidation 
Phosphoryl transfer potential
6. Breakeven! Substrate level phosphorylation
Carbon oxidation 
Phosphoryl transfer potential
7. Wait for it…
7.5 Wait for it….
8. Profit!
1. Fix Glc in cell
2.5 Fix the isomer form
8. Profit!
Before understanding regulation…
Overall reaction & importance of NADH
Glc + 2ADP + 2Pi + 2NAD+
2Pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH+H+ + 2H20
Before understanding regulation…
What is the fate of Pyruvate in cells?
Understanding regulation… Roles of Glycolysis
What are the roles of Glycolysis in cells?
Polysaccharides
Monosaccharides
Glucose
Amino Acids
Amino Acids
Nucleotides
Pyruvate
ATP
Acetyl-CoA
TCA
Fru-2,6-bis-PO4
Lactic acid
Regulating the pathway
What are the roles of Glycolysis in cells?
Positive regulators
(Need MORE Glycolysis)
Negative regulators
(Need LESS Glycolysis)
Key regulatory points of Glycolysis
Key regulatory points of Glycolysis
Key regulatory points of Glycolysis