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Introduction to Cellular Biology 10/14/16 Agenda: - Cell Size - Powers of Ten - Review 3.1 Independent Notes - Chrome Book 3.1 Self Check - 3.2 Ind. Notes Objectives: - Examine cell size. - Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. - Examine the development of the cell theory. 75 to 100 trillion cells in the body The smallest part of any living things that still counts as being “alive” is a cell! Is a leaf alive? How about your big toe? How about a drop of blood? Can we just keep dividing things into smaller and smaller parts, or is there a point at which what’s left is no longer alive? As you will see, there is such a limit, the smallest living unit of any organism is- the cell. The average life span for a stomach cell is two days? A brain cell on the other hand, can live for a lifetime. Write this down!!! Review Question: Can you order these from smallest to largest? Cell Atom Macromolecule Organism Organ Organelle Tissue Organ System 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. This is what we learned. Truth! Cells are unique. Form = Function The shape of the cell is designed for its job! Write this down!!! Example: Onions… Skin… Flat/Plate-like… Trap moisture.. Protection Example: Skeletal Muscle… Many nuclei… Make many proteins Can you identify these images? 1 2 3 6 5 7 Ostrich Egg http://www.cellsalive.com/ – By extension, the yolk is the largest single cell – Largest Unicellular Eukaryote – 5 to 6 centimeters Write this down!!! Cells are measured in microns or micrometers. 1 cm -> 1 mm -> Metric Inches How Big is a Micron ( µ ) ? 1 mm = 1,000 microns 9 So how big is a cell? Typical cell can range from 5 – 100 microns. 10 Bacteria = 1 um Animal cell = 10 um Plant cell = 100 um Hair = 100 um How many _________ cells could fit across this strand of hair? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= t4Tst9DZFPI Sliding Scale Universe Let’s put size into perspective. POWERS OF TEN Other Powers of Ten Video Types of Cells Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Review and correct your notes! What are the two major types of cells? Prokaryotic Cells (Pre-Kernel) Eukaryotic Cells (True Kernel) Definition: Definition: Size Range: Size Range: Domain: Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya? Domain: Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya? Examples: Examples: Next Assignment What are the two types of cells? Create a T-Chart to compare and contrast them. Prokaryotic Cells (Pre-Kernel) No membrane bound nucleus .1 – 10 um (smallest) Bacteria/Archaea Examples: Bacteria Basic Parts: Cytoplasm, Nucleoid Region, Ribosomes, Cell membrane Next Assignment What are the two types of cells? Create a T-Chart to compare and contrast them. Eukaryotic Cells (True Kernel) Definition: Nucleus Size Range: 10-100 um (larger, more complex) Domain: Eukarya Examples: Plants and Animals Review Scientists and The Cell Theory Review and correct your notes! The First Cells • Seeing is believing – Without the proper instruments, we didn’t know cells existed – 1665 Robert Hooke: Compound Microscope • Slice of cork, a plant material • Looked like tiny empty chambers “cells” – Leeuwenhoek: Single-lens microscope • “Animalcules” = Bacteria Development of The Cell Theory Schleiden – All plants are made of cells Schwann – all animals are made of cells Virchow – cells come from other cells Do we understand the lesson? Complete the 3.1 Online Self Check: 1. Login: My.hrw.com 2. Click Student Resources 3. Upper Left: Click Student Premium 3. Upper Left: Chapter 3 – Section 1: GO! 4. Interactive Review 5. Self Check 6. Choose and complete 3.1 Please show me your score before moving on. Homework • Finish labeling and coloring the diagrams 10/17/16 Monday Agenda • Review Questions • Why are cells small? Demo and Notes • Check color coding activity • Notes: Organelles and Microscopes HW: Study vocabulary. Warm-Up and Review! 1. The invention of the ____________ made the discovery of cells possible. 2. Robert Hooke used the name ______ to refer to the tiny empty chambers he saw when he observed magnified cork. 3. The two main types of cells we will be discussing in class are ___________ and ________. 4. The _________ __________ combines conclusions made by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow’s work. 5. A typical cell ranges from ________ to _______ in size. Why do cells have to be so small?! Surface Area to Volume Ratios 1. There are multiple chemical reactions that take place within a cell Larger the volume = The more reactions 2. The greater the surface area the more materials that can enter or leave at one time. Surface Area to Volume Ratios 3. As a cell grows….. The Surface Area to Volume ratio decreases. The volume inside becomes bigger than the surface area. 4. At some point when growing…. The Surface Area becomes so small it can’t supply/get rid of materials effectively 5. At this point the cell cannot get larger. This is why cells stay small!!! Organelles – Separate Powerpoint • Pd 1: Tuesday – Go over diagrams – Finish checks on the chart – Parts of Microscope – Begin Lab Tuesday - October 18, 2016 Agenda: • Review Microscope Parts • Microscope Lab – Due at the bell Animal Cell wall Plant Bacteria x Sometimes Cell mb x x x Cytoplasm x x X Cytoskel x X Nucleus x X ER x X Ribosomes x x Golgi x X Vesicles x X Mitochondria x X Chloroplast X Vacuole X small Lysosome X Centriole x X large x Plant Cells 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. SER Golgi Vacuole Ribosomes Cytoplasm Mitochondria 7. RER 8. Cell mb 9. Cell wall 10. Chloroplast 11. Nucleolus 12. Nucleus 13. Nuclear MB Total Magnification = Ocular Lens x Objective Wednesday 10/19/2016 Do Now: Pd 1 Prok. Labels Agenda • Finish Microscope Lab • Online Cell labeling practice • Organelle Graphic Organizer Ch 3 Quiz on 10/24 10/20/16 Thursday Agenda: • Labeling Cell Worksheet • 3.2 Self Check (Chrome) • Cell City Poster Do Now: WarmUp and Review Question Worksheet Ch 3 Quiz on 10/24 Friday 10/21/16 Agenda: 1. Cell Labeling Practice 2. PP Review Questions 3. Finish Cell City Poster – Due at the bell Ch 3 Quiz on Monday 10/24 Cell Simulation Creating Plant and Animal Cells Sepup The structure most responsible for maintaining cell homeostasis is the a. Cytoplasm b. Mitochondrion c. Cell wall d. Plasma membrane What is the importance of a large surface area to volume ratio? If a cell contains a nucleus, it must be a(n) a. Plant cell b. Eukaryotic cell c. Animal cell d. Prokaryotic cell In which of the following pairs are the terms NOT related? A. Nucleus—DNA B. Chloroplasts—chlorophyll C. Flagella—chromatin D. Cell wall—cellulose ** Which of the following organelles are enclosed in a double membrane? A. Nucleus B. Chloroplast C. Mitochondria D. All of the above Bacterial cells are prokaryotic; in comparison to a typical eukaryotic cell they would a. be smaller. b. have a smaller nucleus. c. lack a plasma membrane. d. have fewer internal membranous compartments. e. have a greater variety of organelles. You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to a. make a lot of ATP. b. secrete a lot of material. c. move actively. d. perform photosynthesis. e. store large quantities of food Matching: Scientists that contributed to the cell theory. 1. Robert Hooke 2. Theodore Schwann 3. Rudolf Virchow 4. Leeuwenhoek 5. Schleiden a. While observing cork found small structures he named cells b. Concluded all plants were all made of cells c. First to observe bacteria under a microscope “animalcules” d. Concluded all animals were made of cells e. Discovered all living cells come from other living cells. Mon 10.24.16 Agenda: Quiz 3.1 and 3.2 Independent Notes: Transport