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1. In an experiment to assess the effects of a new hay fever drug, two
groups are used. One group is given the drug while the second group
is given a pill that has no medicine but tastes and looks the same.
The group getting the pill WITH the drug is called the _____ group.
a. independent
b. experimental
c. dependent
d. control
2. In a controlled experiment, the group no subjected to a change in
the independent variable, used for comparison with the group receiving
experimental change, is the ___ group.
a. independent
b. experimental
c. dependent
d. control
3. In the late 20th century, psychology ___.
a. expanded dramatically
b. stagnated
c. contracted slightly
d. contracted dramatically
4. The systematic explanation of a phenomenon that organizes all known
facts, allows prediction of new fact, and permits a degree of control
over a new phenomenon is a __.
a. postulate
b. hypothesis
c. theory
d. principle
5. The process of examining information we have, then, based on this
inquiry, making judgments and decisions is known as ___.
a. emotional reasoning
b. reflexive thinking
c. critical thinking
d. circular logic
6. If you looked at an apple and recognized it because of seeing its
round red shape with a stem at the top and remembering what other
apples had looked like and remembering that you really like the taste
of apples, you would be supporting the _____ school of psychology.
a. functionalist
b. behaviorist
c. structuralist
d. Gestalt
7. The primary method of collecting data used by structuralists and
functionalists was _____.
a. meta-analysis
b. introspection
c. empirical research
d. correlational analysis
8. Which of the following is not true of all neurotransmitters?
a. They are chemicals.
b. They are stored in synaptic vesicles.
c. They are released into the synaptic cleft.
d. They increase the likelihood that the next neuron will fire.
9. The growth of new neurons is known as _____
a. neurogenesis
b. neuroleptics
c. psychoneuroimmunology
d. neuromorphology
10. The optic nerve has about _____ million ganglion cells.
a. 1
b. 10
c. 50
d. 100
11. About ______percent of men display some form of colorblindness
a. 1
b. 5
c. 10
d. 15
12. About _____percent of women display some form of colorblindness.
a. 1
b. 5
c. 10
d. 15
13. A dichromat _____.
a. sees all colors
b. is either red-green of blue-yellow color blind
c. responds only to blue-yellow or red-green
d. responds only to black and white
14. Hertz is a unit of measurement of _____.
a. frequency
b. amplitude
c. loudness
d. overtones
15. Hearing begins when sound waves bump against the ____.
a. earlobe
b. eardrum
c. oval window
d. round window
16. The sense of hearing is _____.
a. unilateral
b. bilateral
c. trichromatic
d. dichromatic
17. Research indicates a large _____ in self-esteem among adolescent
girls and a _____ among adolescent boys.
a. drop; large increase
b. drop; smaller drop
c. drop; larger drop
d. increase; larger increase
18. The unique aspects of the environment that are experienced
differently by siblings even though they are raised in the same family
are known as the _____ environment.
a. individualist
b. nonshared
c. indirect
d. creative
19. A researcher studying lifespan development interviews a group of
70-year-olds and explores their lives backwards. Her goal is to see
how their current situation has been affected by their past life
history. She is using the _____ method.
a. longitudinal
b. cross-sectional
c. naturalistic observation
d. biographical
20. Men experience _____ in testosterone levels between the ages of 48
and 70.
a. virtually no decline
b. a gradual decline of between 10 to 20 percent
a gradual decline of between 30 and 40 percent
a gradual decline of between 50 and 60 percent
21. The best known and most influential psychodynamic theorist is _____.
a. Freud
b. Watson
c. Skinner
d. Maslow
22. Freud's personality theory and his form of therapy are called _____.
a. cognitive theory
b. humanism
c. rational emotive therapy
d. psychoanalysis
23. The id operates according to the _____.
a. guilt/pride principle
b. reality principle
c. pleasure principle
d. ego ideal
24. According to Freud, the ego operates _____.
a. only consciously
b. only preconsciously
c. only unconsciously
d. partly consciously, partly preconsciously, and partly unconsciously
25. According to Bandura, observation of others' behavior being
rewarded and punished leads to the development of _____ to guide
future behavior.
a. performance standards maybe?
b. response cues
c. reinforcement contingencies
d. behavioral sets
26. Which of the following statements would Tupes and Christal be
most likely to make about Joe's personality
a. about 15-20 traits can describe Joes personality
b. Joe's secondary process thinking is not developed
c. 5 trait dimensions can describe Joe's personality
d. Complete biographical study must be conducted
27. Each of the following is one of the big five dimensions of
personality except
a. Neuroticism
b. Agreeableness
c. Emotional stability
d. Extraversion
28. Each of the following is true of trait theories except
a. It is more difficult to study personality traits than to study
self-actualization and unconscious motives
b. They are primarily descriptive and do not explain the cause of
personality
c. Psychologists cannot agree on how many traits there are
d. Some psychologist question whether traits can really describe and
predict behavior
29. Mischel found that people _____.
a. Understand the behavior constancy of others
b. Only look for positive traits in others
c. Accurately estimate the behavior constancy of others
d. Overestimate the behavior constancy of others
30. In the case study presented in you text, Jaylene Smith went to
_____ school to become a _____.
a. Graduate; psychologist
b. Law; lawyer
c. Medical; doctor
d. Vocational; carpenter
31. According to your text personality is each of the following except
a. unpredictable
b. stable
c. enduring
d. unique
32. In a study of identical twins, Jang (1998) found that genetic
effects accounted for a substantial portion of the differences in
people's scores on ____of the 30 facets scales measuring specific
facets of the Big Five
a. 6
b. 13
c. 20
d. 26
33. There are now 2 different forms of the MMPI-2 one for ____and one
for ____
a. men/women
b. adolescents; adults
c whites; minorities
d. executives; workers
34.The TAT consist of ____pictures of human figures
a. 5
b. 10
c. 15
d. 20
35. According to Rogers the primary goal of life is to
a. harmoniously unify the id ego and superego
b. successfully overcome developmental challenges
c. understand one's person ancestral history
d. fulfill one's inborn capacities and potentialities
36. which of the following theorists would say that a child's guilt
results from a conflict between the child's values and the
internalized parental values?
a. Freud
b. Rogers
c. Skinner
d. Eysenk
37. Jeff has to get up early to go to school but he wants to stay up
late and watch TV. His parents disapprove of him staying up late, but
when they go out for the evening he disregards their wishes and stays
up late anyway. The next day he feels extremely guilty. How would Carl
Rogers explain Jeff's guilt?
a. It results from Jeff's inferiority complex, which has been enlarged
by Jeff's adoption of his parents' value judgments about staying up late.
b. It results from the conflict between Jeff's need to seek pleasure
and his desire to do well in school.
c. It results from the psychological conflict between Jeff's personal
desire to stay up late and the opinion adopted from his parents that
it is wrong to stay up late.
d. It results from an overactive superego, which is punishing Jeff's
id for gratifying his desires.
38. Explanatory style and internal expectancies would be MOST
important to which of the following theorists?
a. Bandura
b. Ellis
c. Skinner
d. Perls
39. The researcher most closely linked to the concept of self-efficacy
is ___.
a. Bandura
b. Ellis
c. Rotter
d. Seligman
40. Which of the following people is most likely to develop bulimia?
a. a lower-class female who does not attend college
b. a middle class female attending a comm. College where dating is
emphasized
c. an upper female attending state university. where dating is not
emphasized
d. an upper class female attending an elite private college where
dating is not emphasized
41. Which of the following situations BEST illustrates how a stimulus
motive can direct behavior?
a. people who are used to eating dinner at 6 p.m. feel hungrier as
dinnertime approaches
b. children who see an object new to their environment will usually
pick it up and try to see how it works
c. monkeys kept in a zoo will form male-female pairs, copulate, and
rear their young
d. a rat will learn a maze in order to get food
42. FBI reports indicate that about ____ percent of families
experience some form of violence.
a. 25
b. 35
c. 45
d. 55
43. The correct sequential order of Maslow's hierarchy of motives
from most complex and human to most primitive is________.
A self-actualization, esteem, belongingness, safety, physiological
b. belongingness, self actualization, esteem , physiological, safety
c. self-actualization, esteem, belong, physiological, safety
d. self ac, belong, safety, esteem, physiological
44. Al sees an ad for a new toilet bowl cleaner. The ad stimulates
him to buy this product. Which he wouldn't have bought if he had not
seen the ad. In this case, the ad serves a (n) ______.
a. drive
b. reciprocal
c. modifier
d. incentive
45. The ability of newborns to imitate the facial expressions of
other people ____.
a. is an inborn, instinctive skill that equips them to bond with
adults
b. is evidence of the earliest learning yet discovered in infants
c. appears to be a primitive reflex that disappears within a few weeks
d. appears to be based on complex cognitive processing that, until
recently, was not thought possible in young infants
46. The term used by psychologists to describe the characteristic
patterns of emotional reactions and emotional self-regulation in
infants and children is ______
a. cognitive capacity
b. temperament
c. maturity
d. development
47. Adler's emphasis on people's positive social strivings have caused
him to be labeled by many psychologists as the "father" of ____ psychology
a. humanistic
b. Gestalt
c. cognitive
d. social
48. Horney believed that ___ in human development
a. neither cultural nor biological forces were important
b. cultural forces were much more important than biological factors
c. biological forces were much more important than cultural forces
d. both cultural and biological forces were equally important
49. A famous psychologist argues that cultural forces are more
important than biological forces in determining development, that
people need a sense of basic security, and that how people react to
anxiety strongly affects development. This psychologist's views are
most similar to those of _____.
a. Karen Horney
b. Erik Erikson
c. Carl Jung
d. Alfred Adler
50. Jane is forty years old. Her main task, according to Erikson, will
be to develop a sense of ___.
a. identity
b. initiative
c. generativity
d. intimacy
51. Freud's personality theory ____.
a. has never been experimentally tested because its basic concepts
are untestable
b. has not been supported by any experimental research findings
c. has received limited confirmation from experimental research
d. has been completely supported by experimental research
52. A connection between establishing one's identity and achieving
later intimacy has been found in ____.
a. neither men nor women
b. men but not women
c. women but not men
d. both men and women
53. Which of the following is NOT true?
a. observation is expensive and time consuming
b. the presence of an observer can affect the behavior of the subject
and interfere with the results
c. An observer may misinterpret the true meaning of the behavior
d. Observation techniques suffer from lack of methods to quantify the
observations
54. The most widely used objective personality test is the ____.
a. MMPI
b. EPQ
c. 16PF
d. TAT
55. Henry is very shy and withdrawn. He rarely acts on impulse, feels
guilty about any display of desire, and is emotionally restricted.
Freud would say Henry's ___ is the dominant part of his personality.
a. id
b. superego
c. ego
d. sexual instinct
56. In Freud's view, a partial or complete halt in an individual's
psychosexual development is called_____.
a. fixation
b. libido
c. thanatos
d. abreaction
57. In Freud's view, fixation can lead to____.
a. the reality principle
b. the ego ideal
c. immature forms of sexuality
d. complex moral reasoning
58. According to Freud, a girl's sexual attachment to her father and
jealousy of her mother is called____.
a. the Oedipus complex
b. transference
c. the Electra complex
d. countertransference
59. Gerald takes great pride in his sexual prowess and treats women
with contempt. Yet, he feels worthless and has low self-esteem. In
Freud's view, he is probably fixated in the ___stage.
a. anal
b. oral
c. genital
d. phallic
60. Each of the following theorists is considered a "neo-Freudian"
EXCEPT _____.
a. Horney
b. Erikson
c. Adler
d. Cattell
61. In Jung's view, people who regulate their actions through
intuition and sensation are called
a. introvert
b. extrovert
c. rational
d. irrational
62. Adler believed that people
a. are pawns of their environment
b. are prisoners of innate biological urges
c. voluntarily strive toward positive and social goals
d. are selfishly locked into eternal conflict with society
63.the patch of nasal tissue that houses receptor cells of smell is
a. olfactory bulb
b. golgi tendon organ
c. olfactory epithelium
d. olfactory mucosa
64.chemical that communicates info to other organism through the
sense of smell is called
a. saccule
b. pheromone
c. odorant binding protein
d. scent
65.which of the following is not a type of ESP
a. clairvoyance
b. subliminal perception
c. precognition
d. telepathy
66. Diane has always seemed to "know" what people around her are
feeling and thinking, even without them telling her. If what she is
experiencing is ESP, it is best described as
a. clairvoyance
b. psychometry
c. precognition
d. telepathy
67. Texture gradient refers to the fact that texture appears to become
a. more detailed in the distance
b. less detailed in the distance
c. more detailed as brightness increases
d. less detailed as brightness increases
68. An illusion due to misleading cues in the stimuli which cause us
to create perceptions that are inaccurate or impossible is called a(n)
a. perceptual
b. induced
c. physical
d. stroboscopic
69. Unpleasant physical or psychological effects that follow the
discontinuance of a dependence-producing substance is
a. a craving
b. withdrawal
c. tolerance
d. addiction
70. On the average, people dream
a. several times a night
b. once a night
c. once every two or three days
d. once every five or six days
71. John Watson was the founder of the school of thought that became
known as _______.
a. functionalism
d. structuralism
c. behaviorism
d. humanism
72. The idea that psychology should be based only on observable,
measurable behaviors is central to _________.
a. behaviorism
b. cognitive theory
c. structuralism
d. psychodynamic theory
73. Studies that estimate the heritability of a trait by breeding
animals with other animals that have the same trait are called
_______.
a. selection studies
b. strain studies
c. family studies
d. twin studies
74. Each of the following is a structure in the hindbrain EXCEPT the
_______.
a. medulla
b. pons
c. reticular formation
d. cerebellum
75. The lobe of the cerebral cortex that receives and coordinates
messages from the other three lobes of the cortex is the _______ lobe.
a. occipital
b. temporal
c. parietal
d. frontal
76. Electrically charged particles found both inside and outside the
neuron are _______.
a. follicles
b. nodes
c. free radicals
d. ions
77. The tiny space between the axon terminal and the dendrite of
another neuron is called the _______.
a. synaptic vesicle
b. synaptic knob
c. synaptic cleft
d. synapse
78. When a neural impulse reaches the end of an axon, it causes tiny
oval sacs at the end of the axon to release chemicals called ________.
a. hormones
b. neurotransmitters
c. electrolytes
d. antioxidants
79. Wolpe's therapy for treating anxiety, which involves the pairing
of relaxation training with a hierarchical list of fearful
situations, is called _________.
a. shaping
b. operant conditioning
c. desensitization
d. aversive conditioning
80. When we are pricing items in a grocery store, and we attempt to
remember the prices of three different brands of 7-ounce cans of tuna
fish by repeating them again and again, the information is being held
in _______.
a. short-term memory
b. secondary memory
c. the sensory registers
d. long-term memory
81. Mastering a skill to the point that you achieve fluid, immediate
performance in it, such as expert typing is called ___.
a. reflexive learning
b. priming
c. elaborative learning
d. automaticity
82. An item is easier to remember ____.
a. the more indexes or associations it has in long-term memory
b. the fewer indexes or associations it has in long-term memory
c. if it is stored in short-term memory
d. if it is part of our episodic memory
83. Remembering that the French word "maison" means house by
connecting maison with the English word "masonry" illustrates the
use of ___.
a. elaborative rehearsal
b. rote rehearsal
c. semantic rehearsal
d. chunking
84. According to ___ theory, people use past reactions and
experiences to organize and interpret their perceptions of a present
episode.
a. decay
b. interference
c. rehearsal
d. schema
85. Which of the following is NOT true of schemas?
a. they are part of short term memory
b. they can influence the amount of attention you pay to a given
event.
c. they help people retrieve information from memory
d. they help determine what you will recall
86. Your memories of personal information such as what you wore to
work yesterday or what you ate for breakfast this morning are stored
in ____.
a. procedural memory
b. semantic memory
c. episodic memory
d. emotional memory
87. From the third month after conception until birth, the
developing organism is known as a ___
a. neonate
b. embryo
c. placenta
d. fetus
88. Research on Kohlberg's view of moral development suggests that
most people never progress beyond the ___ level or moral thinking.
a. preconventional
b. conventional
c. postcovential
d. cognitive
89. Amy is 5 years old and entering kindergarten. According to
Erikson, her main challenge is to develop a sense of ___.
a. trust
b. initiative
c. autonomy
d. generavity
90. A network of same-aged friends and acquaintances
who give one another emotional and social support is known as a
a. cohort
b. crowd
c. peer group
d. support system
91. a survey of teenagers in grades 9-12 found that__ percent of girls
expressed the feeling that they should have waited until they were
older to have sex
a. 25
b. 45
c. 65
d. 85
92. a survey of teenagers in grades 9-12 found that__ percent of boys
expressed the feeling that they should have waited until they were
older to have sex
a. 18
b. 28
c. 38
d. 48
93. Morgan is 18. she has set aside the problem of developing an
identity while she continues to explore various alternatives and
choices. She best fits the description of an___
a. identity achiever
b. identity foreclosure
c. person in moratorium
d. identity diffuser
94. In ___, a person is exposed to a stimulus, usually a word or
picture, then later is shown a fragment and asked to complete it.
a. automaticity
b. reflexive learning
c. priming
d. state-controlled memory
95. the hippocampus is instrumental in ___.
a. the formation of shirt. term memory
b. retrieval of memories from long. term memory
c. maintaining a constant level of information filtration by the
sensory registers
d. transferring info from short term to long term
96. In an experiment, two groups shadow the ambiguous sentence, "I
got the mail/male order today," delivered to one ear. Both groups are
told to ignore verbal messaged delivered to the other ear (for one
group these messages concern the male gender, for the other they
concern the postal service). Later questioning reveals the meaning of
the supposedly unattended messages filtered through. Whose theory of
sensory registers operation does this best support?
a. Treisman
b. Simon
c. Broadbent
d. Sterling
97. Honeybees communicate through the use of _____.
a. the sounds made by vibrating their wings
b. an intricate dance
c. pheromones
d. their stingers to touch other bees in the hive
98. Two groups of people are given problems to solve. The first group
is given a spatial problem. The second group is given a time problem.
Both problems have the same number of variable and constants. When
the experiment is concluded, the spatial problem group solved their
problem constituently faster than the time problem group. This is
because ________.
a. spatial problem was easier to solve
b. spatial problem group visualized its problem to a greater level of
precision
c. time problem group was given more time
d. time problem group was more likely to use heuristics
99. Sexual excitement seems to be influenced by the ______.
a. limbic system
b. parietal lobes
c. upper spinal cord
d. thyroid gland
100. According to Master and Johnson, the man's penis becomes engorged
and erect, and the women's breast and clitoris swell during the
_______ phase of the sexual response cycle.
a. plateau
b. resolution
c. excitements
d. orgasm