Download Chapter 3 Notes- Cell Structure and Function

Chapter 3 Notes- Cell Structure and Function
Name________________________
3.1 A look at Cells
1. Living things may be either _______________________ ( consisting of one cell) or
____________________________( many-celled). Pg. 58
2.Give an example of a unicellular organism. ____________________pg. 58
3.Give an example of a multicellular organism. ___________________pg. 58
4. Look at Figure 3.1. Draw and label the nerve cell, bacterium, Egg cell, and muscle cell.
Pg. 58
5. Cells vary greatly in _________________ and shape. A cell’s shape is related to its
___________________. Pg. 58
6.
The invention of the ______________________ was one of the most important
breakthroughs in biology. Pg. 59
7.
Write down the 3 principles of the cell theory: pg. 60
a.__________________________________________________________________
b. __________________________________________________________________
c. __________________________________________________________________
8.
The cell theory emphasizes that all organisms are composed of ______________ the
fundamental units of life. The cell theory has provided direction for the work of many biologists
and physicians as they study ___________________________
_______________________________________________________________ pg. 60
9.
_______________ microscopes can magnify objects such as tiny organisms up to about
________________ times . (pg. 60)
3.2 Basic Cell Structures
10. All cells have these three common features:
___________________, ____________________ and ___________________ (pg. 62)
11.
The cell membrane is a thin layer of ____________ and ___________ and separates the
cell’s contents from its _____________________.
12. A stack of ________________ membranes is about equal to the thickness of
_______________________. (pg.62)
13. The cell membrane functions like a fence with gates, __________________
___________________________________________________. Pg. 62
14. Molecules are made up of mostly __________________________. Pg. 62
15. A phospholipids is a type of lipid made from _________________,
___________________, and ____________________. Pg. 62
16. The two ends of the phospholipid molecule have different properties in ____________.
The ________________ head of the phospholipids is __________________, meaning
water-___________. The lipid ___________ of the molecule are _________________,
meaning water- ____________.pg. 62
17. Draw and label figure 3.9.
18. The material between the cell membrane and the nucleus is call the
__________________. Pg. 63
19. The cytoplasm is a _______________ substance made primarily of
_________________ and ___________________________. Pg. 63
20. Various structures called ___________________ or “little organs” are suspended in the
cytoplasm. Pg. 63
21. Describe the function of the following: (pgs 64-66)
a. Cytoskeleton_____________________________________________________
b. Nucleus _________________________________________________________
c. Chromosomes ____________________________________________________
Read the following statements. If the statement it true, place an X in the box or boxes. Pgs.
64 & 65
22.
Prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells
Has a Nucleus
Contains DNA
The cell type for animal and
plant cells.
The cell type for bacteria
Simple in structure- Do not
have organelles
More complex- have
specialized organelles
23. Explain how cells are like small factories. (Pg. 66)
24. Describe the function of the following organelles(pg. 66); include what it’s job would
be as a machine in a factory (pg. 67)
a. Ribosomes
b. Endoplasmic Reticulum
c. Golgi Apparatus
d. Mitochondria
e. Lysosomes
25. Many cells have unique extensions of their cytoskeleton which are used for movement.
______________ and _________________ are both used for cell movement, but are
different in structure and _______________. Pg. 68
3.4 Cell Diversity
26. Look at figure 3.15. (pg. 69)
a. List the structures found only in plant cells.
b. List the structures found only in animal cells.
27. Describe the function of the following organelles: pgs. 69 and 70
a. Cell wall
b. Chloroplasts
c. Vacuole
28. Fill in the chart below with a YES or a NO.
A comparison of Cells
Structure
Prokaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
Animal
Plant
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Nucleus
Chromosomes
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Mitochondira
Chloroplasts
Cytoskeleton
3.5 Cells and Their Environment
29. All cells live at least partly in touch with a _______________ solution. In order to
live, all cells must ___________________________ and
___________________________________. Pg. 72
30. A _________________________ membrane lets certain molecules pass through and
________________other molecules from crossing. _________ membranes are semi-permeable.
Pg. 72
31. Give an example of a molecule that can pass freely through a cell membrane. pg. 72
32. Define the following types of cell transport. Pg. 72
a. Passive transport
b. Active transport
33. The most common form of passive transport is ________________. Pg. 72
34.
Diffusion is the random movement of ________________ from an area of
_____________ concentration (more molecules) to an area of lower concentration (fewer
molecules). Pg. 72
35.
Look at figure 3.17. Draw the Before and After pictures of the cell.
Before
After
What is different? ______________________________
36. The rate of diffusion depends on __________________ and the ___________ of the
molecules involved. Pg. 72
37. Diffusion always occurs _____________ a gradient. Pg. 72
38. Some molecules diffuse across cell membranes with the help of _____________
_________________. This form of _______________ transport is called
__________________ __________________. Pg. 73
39. The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane is called
__________________. Pg. 73
40. Draw figure 3.19 below.
How has the concentration of the solute changed in the beaker on the right?
41. Use page 76 and figure 3.22 to help you compare and contrast exocytosis and endocytosis.
Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Define
Draw