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Cells Cell  is the basic building block that makes up all living things Cell Functions  Take in food to store energy  Get rid of body wastes  Make new cells for growth  Release energy  Respond to the environment Plant Cell cell membrane chloroplasts cell wall vacuole mitochondria cytoplasm nucleus Animal Cell VACUOLE MITOCHONDRIA Cell MEMBRANE NUCLEUS CYTOPLASM Cell Parts and Functions Cell Membrane  Surrounds the cell to help hold it together  Allows materials to move in and out  Works like a gate in a walled city PICTURE OF A REAL CELL MEMBRANE  It has been magnified so that we can see it! Nucleus  Contains the chromosomes (DNA) which determines the characteristics  Controls cell reproduction and other functions  Like a king controlling his city Nucleus seen in a human cheek cell Cytoplasm  Found between the cell membrane and nucleus  Jellylike substance containing chemicals to keep the cell working  Like the space/air that fills the walled city Mitochondria  Releases energy from food  Like a power plant producing energy for the city Vacuoles  Used for storage  Stores food, waste, or water  Like a water tower or a garbage dump for the city Cell Wall (Plants Only)  Outside cell membrane  Rigid layer that supports and protects the plant cell  Like a wall surrounding the city  The cell walls of these onion skin cells can be seen in the photograph below. Chloroplasts (Plants Only)  Makes food for the plant  Like a restaurant or cell  Uses sun energy to make food (glucose) and oxygen bakery in the city An Elodea leaf magnified 400X. The numerous green structures are chloroplasts. The Parts of a Cell  Cell Membrane  Cytoplasm  Chloroplast  Cell Wall  Vacuole  Mitochondria  Nucleus The Size of Cells • Cells have a limit to how big or small they can be. The head of a pin is about 2mm in diameter. A cell is even smaller. Nearly invisible without magnification, dust mites dwarf pollen grains and human cells. In turn, bacteria and viruses are even smaller.  How Big is a Cell? cell membrane  surrounds cell-holds it together  allows materials to pass in & out of cell cell basic building block that makes up all living things cytoplasm between cell membrane & nucleus chloroplast •found in plant cells •uses Sun’s energy to make food (sugar) & oxygen cell wall  found in plants outside the cell membrane  gives extra support & protection vacuole stores H20 & breaks down materials mitochondria produce energy by cellular respiration cytoplasm cell membrane mitochondria chloroplast cell wall vacuole The skin on the Barbie doll is like the cell membrane of a cell because both are outside surfaces, and allow substances to pass in and out of the cell. Cell Analogy Project Edible Animal Cell  cell membrane =  Jello =  2 raisins =  1 pear =  2 peaches = plastic bag cytoplasm mitochondria nucleus vacuoles
 
									 
									 
									 
									 
									 
									 
									 
									 
									 
									 
									 
									 
									 
									 
									 
									 
									 
									 
									 
									 
									 
									 
									 
									 
									 
									 
									 
									 
									 
									 
									 
									 
									 
									 
									 
									 
                                             
                                             
                                             
                                             
                                             
                                             
                                             
                                             
                                             
                                             
                                            