* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download The SIX Grand Theories of Psychology (Psyc 20)
Cognitive science wikipedia , lookup
Inclusive fitness in humans wikipedia , lookup
Thin-slicing wikipedia , lookup
Classical conditioning wikipedia , lookup
Cultural psychology wikipedia , lookup
Neuroeconomics wikipedia , lookup
Behavioral modernity wikipedia , lookup
Developmental psychology wikipedia , lookup
Verbal Behavior wikipedia , lookup
Theory of planned behavior wikipedia , lookup
Social psychology wikipedia , lookup
Theory of reasoned action wikipedia , lookup
Social Bonding and Nurture Kinship wikipedia , lookup
Erikson's stages of psychosocial development wikipedia , lookup
Behavior analysis of child development wikipedia , lookup
Personality psychology wikipedia , lookup
Sociobiology wikipedia , lookup
Cognitive development wikipedia , lookup
Psychological behaviorism wikipedia , lookup
Attribution (psychology) wikipedia , lookup
Impression formation wikipedia , lookup
Descriptive psychology wikipedia , lookup
Behaviorism wikipedia , lookup
Bioecological model wikipedia , lookup
Self-actualization wikipedia , lookup
Hidden personality wikipedia , lookup
Hypostatic model of personality wikipedia , lookup
The SIX Grand Theories of Psychology (Psyc 20) Theory Theorists PSYCHODYNAMIC Sigmund Freud -Psychoanalytic Erik Erikson -Psychosocial BEHAVIORAL John B. Watson Outer person Ivan Pavlov B.F. Skinner COGNITIVE Jean Piaget (4 stages) How we think Lev Vygotskysociocultural theory (takes into cultural influences) HUMANISTIC The Unique Human Being Carl Rogers & Abraham Maslow Date: Major Beliefs or Descriptions (What are the key/big ideas?) -Free Association-> allowing patients to freely speak, and analyze their conversation Id-basic primitive needs (hunger & aggression), our pleasure principle, suggests that unconscious forces act to determine personality and behavior, unconscious part of personality about the person is unaware. Ego-rational and responsible, buffer between the real world and the ID. Ego’s job to meet the needs of the id while taking into consideration the reality of the situation Superego- a person’s conscious, distinguishing right and wrong, keeps us on the right path social interactions with other people, each of us passes through a set of stages and we have to resolve the crisis we encounter in each stage -8 stages of Social Development; emphasizes our social interactions with other people, each of us passes through a set of stages, and we have to resolve the crisis we encounter in each stage. -A person’s development is due to the environment they are raised in, controlling the environment a person can be trained to act a certain way. -We model behavior around us Classic conditioning- organism learns to respond to a neutral stimulus that normally doesn’t produce that result (ie. Dog salivating to the sound of a bell). Operant Conditioning- behavior is changed due to the response we get from others, positive/negative reinforcement. Name: Examples, Interesting Facts, etc. B.F. Skinner trained pigeons through operant conditioning. Pavlov- Classical conditioning (dogs) Watson-Little Albert -How people internally represent and think about the world -How children and adults process information -How their way of thinking and understanding affects their behavior -Piaget suggests that all people pass through a series of development -Human thinking is arranged into schemes or organized mental patterns 2 big Ideas: 1. Assimilation (process by which people understand or experience in terms of their current way of thinking) 2. Accommodation refers to changes in existing ways of thinking in response to encounter with new stimuli or events. • Believe that humans strive for growth, dignity, and self-determination. • Optimistic and concerned with human nature • Emphasize personal responsibility & personal growth • Focuses on the future instead of dwelling on the past. • Traumatic events from the past can affect us but do not have to shape our remaining lives. Our Self-actualization: one has reached their full potential, accept themselves for who they are, recognize their shortcomings and strengths. capacity to overcome such experiences is powerful Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (Physiological, Safety, Love & Belonging, Esteem, SelfActualization), holistic views Example: Rick Hansen – ‘Man in Motion’ or Terry Fox. Both overcame extreme obstacles and still did something amazing in their lives. Rogers-Theory of Defenses (when a threatening situation occurs your response is to protect your selfimage: Distortion-> reinterpret the situation Denial-> block out threatening situations Key terms: Self-concept, Unconditional & Conditional Positive Regard EVOLUTIONARY/ BIOLOGICAL Heredity & Genetics ECOLOGICAL (also called Sociocultural Model) Konrad Lorenz Imprinting Geese From Charles Darwin->Natural Selection Based on bio, anthropology, neurosciences, cognitive science Heredity and genetics Inclusive Fitness-> goal for all humans to reproduce Parental investment-> parents caring for children over long periods of time Urie Emphasizes the roles of societal changes affecting the systems. Thus effecting development Bronfenbrenner, Microsystem (direct influences) Exosystem (environmental influences you don’t have control over) Marcrosystem (cultural beliefs and attitudes). Nature vs. Nurture Debate Cultural Influences PUTTING THEORIES TO WORK Part 1 - Violence Part 2 – The Wild Boy of Aveyron