Download Growth and Development

New Genes For Old
Part 2
Learning Objectives
• To learn how genetic engineering is
done.
• To learn some examples of genetic
engineering.
• To learn about the advantages and
disadvantages of genetic engineering.
Success Criteria
• I can give at least 2 examples of
genetically modified organisms.
• I can state the three main uses of
genetic engineering.
• I can describe the steps involved in
introducing a gene into bacteria such as
E. coli.
Starter
What do these organisms
have in common?
They are genetically
modified.
TRANSFERRING GENES
Transferring Genes
• Scientists can now isolate genes from one organism
and transfer them in to the genome of another
organism.
Flourescence
gene
inserted into
genome of
cat…
Naturally glowing jellyfish
Glow-in-the-dark kitten
Genetic Engineering
• The transfer of genes is called genetic engineering.
• The organisms made by genetic engineering have
new characteristics to the original animals.
When an organism expresses
genes from another species,
it is known as a:
GENETICALLY MODIFIED
(GM) organism.
What would be the benefits of square
tomatoes?
Answer Questions 7 & 8 on page
38
Answers:
7a Can spray crops without harming them
7b Insulin can be made for diabetics
8 Genes, genetic engineering
Uses of Genetic Engineering
• There are many uses of genetic engineering. Three of them are:
1. Producing Insulin
A bacteria called E. coli has been genetically engineered to make
human insulin.
2. Vitamin A (see bottom of page 38)
Lack of vitamin A causes night-blindness. Genes from carrots have
been introduced into rice plants. This causes them to produce betacarotene, which is converted to Vitamin A in the body.
3. Gene Therapy
Changing a persons genes to treat genetic disorders.
Pros & Cons of Genetic Engineering
• Herbicide, frost and
disease resistant
crops.
• Unknown how our
bodies may react in
future.
• Larger fruits and
vegetables.
• All organisms are
usually identical and
therefore have a
small gene pool.
• Larger farm animals
(more meat)
• Production of
hormones (insulin)
• Organisms could get
into the wild and
affect populations.
Answer Questions 9-12 on page
39
Answers:
9 Bacteria
10 Because their diet lacks Vitamin A
11 Idea of harmful side effect
12 Any valid reason… Put your hand up to
explain your answer.
HIGHER
How Genetic Engineering Works
• Copy the diagram on the bottom of page 39 into your
book.
• Make sure you understand that genetic engineering
involves:
- identifying and isolating the desired gene.
- inserting the gene into the DNA of the host.
- replicating the gene in the host organism.
Gene Therapy
Gene therapy works in two ways:
1. Changing the genes of body cells.
2. Changing the genes of gametes before fertilisation.
PLENARY
Plenary
Genetic Engineering: Right or Wrong?
Genetic engineering allows us to do things like combine
fish, mouse, human and insect genes in the same
person or animal.
For this reason, many people have concern about
‘playing God’ with nature.
What do you think? You have 5 minutes to
discuss with your partner and then
feedback to the class.
Learning Objectives
• To learn how genetic engineering is
done.
• To learn some examples of genetic
engineering.
• To learn about the advantages and
disadvantages of genetic engineering.
Success Criteria
• I can give at least 2 examples of
genetically modified organisms.
• I can state the three main uses of
genetic engineering.
• I can describe the steps involved in
introducing a gene into bacteria such as
E. coli.