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Chapter 6 ENZYME PRODUCTS DENATURE ATP ENERGY NADP+ NADPH DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS GLUCOSE METABOLISM SUBSTRATE PHOTOSYNTHESIS EXERGONIC ADP NAD+ NADH METABOLISM HYDROLYSIS COMPLEMENT REACTANTS ACTIVE SITE ENDERGONIC P FAD FADH2 METABOLIC PATHWAY ENERGY CARRIER OPPOSITE 1. This is a protein that speeds up chemical reactions. Enzyme 2. This is the substance the enzymes binds with. (Two terms.) Reactant / Substrate 3. These reactions absorb energy from the surroundings and put it in the chemical bonds of the products. Endergonic 4. This term includes all the chemical reactions that allow cells to build and break down substances. Metabolism 5. This is the pocket in the enzyme into which the substrate bind. Active Site 6. Conditions such as extreme pH, temperature of salt cause enzymes to do this. Denature 7. This term describes when the products of one reaction become the reactants for the next linking them in sequence. Metabolic Pathway 8. This term describes when energy released from an exergonic reaction is used to drive an endergonic reaction. Coupled Reaction 9. This is the principle energy carrier in cells. ATP 10. This links coupled reactions. Energy Carriers 11. These molecules are carrying high energy electrons. NADPH, NADH, FADH2 12. These are needed to make ATP. ADP, P and Energy 13. These are the two broad categories of reactions that comprise metabolism (allow cells to build and break down substances). Dehydration synthesis, Hydrolysis 14. This must be broken off ATP to release energy. P 15. These are the substances entering a chemical reaction. Reactants 16. These are the substances leaving a chemical reaction. Products 17. This term describes when an enzyme has lost its three-dimensional shape. Denature 18. This term describes the relationship between the shape of the enzyme active site and the substrate. This term describes the relationship between the charges of the enzyme active site and substrate. Complement, Opposite 19. This is an example of an overall exergonic process. Glucose Metabolism 20. This is an example of an overall endergonic process. Photosynthesis 21. These are “uncharged” electron carriers. NADP, NAD, FAD 22. What molecule is shown in each of these pictures? ATP and ADP Chapter 7 Light Reactions Photosystem II Glucose NADP Glucose Oxygen Chlorophyll 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. Calvin Cycle Thylakoid Electron Transport Chain ADP + P Carbon dioxide Photolysis Sunlight Photosystem I Stroma NADPH ATP Water Electrons These are the two main groups of reactions that occur during photosynthesis. Light Rxns and Calvin Cycle These are the reactants for the light reactions. Sunlight, ADP +P, NADP, Water These are the products of the light reactions. ATP, NADPH, oxygen This is the splitting of water. Photolysis These are the reactants of the Calvin cycle. ATP, NADPH, carbon dioxide These are the products of the Calvin cycle. Glucose, ADP +P, NADP The light reactions and Calvin cycle are linked by these two molecules. ATP and NADPH These include a reaction center containing chlorophyll and an electron transport chain. Photosystem This is the key light capturing pigment.chlorophyll Photosystems I and II are located in this portion of the chloroplast. thylakoid The Calvin cycle occurs in this part of the chloroplast.stroma The purpose of photosynthesis is to produce this.glucose Sunlight bumps electrons into the ETC .light reactions, photosystem I and photosystem II This photosystem makes ATP.Photosystem II NADP accepts electrons in this photosystem forming NADPH. Photosystem I This reaction allows electrons lost from the photosystems to be replenished.photolysis Energy from NADPH and ATP is used to construct glucose.calvin cycle Sunlight energy is captured and stored in NADPH and ATP. Light reactions Chapter 8 Glycolysis Cellular Respiration ATP Acetyl CoA 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Acetyl CoA Formation Fermentation Lactic acid Carbon dioxide Kreb’s Cycle Glucose Ethanol and carbon dioxide Oxygen Electron Transport Chain Pyruvate Chemiosmosis water The metabolism of glucose always begins with this series of reactions.glycolysis This is what occurs after glycolysis if oxygen is NOT present. fermentation This is what occurs after glycolysis if oxygen is present.cellular respiration These reactions occur in the cytoplasm.glycolysis and fermentation These are the three steps of cellular respiration. Acetyl coA formation, krebs, ETC This breaks glucose into two pyruvates.glycolysis This breaks acetyl CoA into carbon dioxide.krebs ATP is produced during these stages of glucose metabolism.glycolysis, krebs, ETC NADH is produced during these stages of glucose metabolism.glycolysis, acetyl CoA, Krebs FADH2 is produced during this stage of glucose metabolism.krebs This converts pyruvate into acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA formation The purpose of glucose metabolism is to produce this.ATP By the end of this stage of glucose metabolism, all the carbon bonds in glucose have been broken. Krebs This term describes the process by which energy extracted from electrons is used to establish an H+ gradient allowing ATP to be made. chemiosmosis Chemiosmosis occurs during this stage of glucose metabolism.ETC Carbon dioxide is produced during this stage of glucose metabolism.acetyl CoA formation, krebs This is the final acceptor of electrons during cellular respiration.oxygen The largest amount of ATP is produced during this stage of glucose metabolism ETC These are the products of glucose metabolism.ATP,carbon dioxide, water These are the reactants of glucose metabolism. Glucose , oxygen Fermentation in human muscles results in the production of this. Lactic acid Fermentation in yeast results in the production of this.ethanol and carbon dioxide This process allows NADH to unload its hydrogen and electrons in anaerobic environments. fermentation