Download Unit 3 Study Questions

Unit 3 Study Questions
Please note these are practice questions!!!! Do not simply answer these questions and
feel that you are prepared for the exam. Use these questions as a guide to locate areas
where you need more study.
______ is created when ADP is phosphorylated.
If 2 molecules of glucose are catabolized aerobically, what is the net yield of each
below?
ATP__________
NADH____________
Pyruvate________
FADH2 ___________
CO2_________
Acetyl Co A __________
How does the ATP production of fermentation compare with the aerobic pathway?
All of the ATP’s which can be produced anaerobically are made during __________.
When a substance loses electron it is said to be __________________________.
Substances which gain electrons are ______________.
Is a molecule of NAD+ oxidized or reduced?____________________.
Is a molecule of FADH2 oxidized or reduced?___________________.
Which one of these two molecules would you expect to have greater potential energy?
Why?
NAD+ or NADH
List the three basic steps in order of aerobic respiration.
_____ ________ discovered the metabolic pathway we commonly refer to as the citric
acid cycle.
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The term used for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down
complex molecules is _________________.
What part of the cell serves as the site of glycolysis?
Consider the following pathway:
Glucose Pyruvate
Name the process in which this occurs__________________.
After this occurs, most of the energy of glucose is located _______________.
Which of the following will proceed normally whether oxygen is present or absent?
Chemiosmosis
Electron Transport Chain
Kreb’s Cycle
Glycolysis
Oxidative phosphorylation
How many carbon atoms are there in a molecule of:
Carbon dioxide__________
Pyruvate_________
Glucose__________
Acetyl Co A________
Water ___________
When 2 molecules of glucose complete glycolysis, how many (total gross production)
molecules of each of the following are produced?
NADH___________
Pyruvate_________
ATP_____________
Which of the following metabolic poisons would you expect to most directly interfere
with glycolysis?
An agent which depletes the oxygen content of the cell.
An agent which deactivates pyruvate.
An agent which strongly oxidizes NADH.
An agent which closely mimics the structure of glucose but is not metabolized.
When a molecule of pyruvate enters the mitochondrion it loses a carbon atom, it is
oxidized; and bonded to a coenzyme before it enters the citric acid cycle. Which of the
following are produced as a result of this process?
NADH
FADH2
Acetyl Co A
ATP
CO2
Lactic Acid
What are the two parts of oxidative phosphorylation?
Where does the Kreb’s cycle occur? Assume the cycle turns five times, how many
molecules of carbon dioxide are produced?
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Glucose is the only molecule which can be catabolized aerobically to produce ATPs.
True or False?
In the space below, write the balanced reaction for aerobic respiration. Indicate which
substances are oxidized and which are reduced.
In which part of the mitochondria does oxidative phosphorylation occur?
What is the ‘proton pistol’?
What is the final receptor of electrons during the electron transport chain? When this
substance is reduced what is produced?
Name an organism which uses alcohol fermentation.
Name the type of fermentation which occurs in your muscle cells.
Which of the pathways below release molecules of carbon dioxide during aerobic
respiration?
Glycolysis
conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl Co A
Chemiosmosis
Citric Acid Cycle
Electron transport chain
Label the following diagram as we did in class:
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In the space below write the balanced reaction for photosynthesis.
List an autotrophic organism_____________________________
List a heterotrophic organism____________________________
List a primary consumer________________________________
Which portion of a mitochondrion would you expect to be the most acidic during aerobic
respiration:
Outer membrane
Cristae
Matrix
Inner membrane space
Assume you have a friend who lost 17 lbs of fat on a diet and by starting an exercise
program. How did fats leave his body?
a. it was converted into ATP which weighs less than fats
b. it was broken into amino acids and excreted
c. the fats were converted into urine
d. it was converted to carbon dioxide and water.
Most of the energy that enters the electron transport chain enters as _________ and
________ molecules.
Describe the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph.
Why are leaves typically thin?
Why do the epidermal cells on a leaf lack pigments?
The guard cells control the opening and closing of the _________________.
The photosynthetic cells are found in what part of the leaf?________________________
Which part of the leaf contains the vascular transport tissues used to deliver the products
and reactants for photosynthesis?_______________________
Arrange the following based on wavelength from long to short.
Orange
Blue
Green
Yellow
Red Indigo Violet
The primary photosynthetic pigment in plants is ________________________.
When a photon of light is absorbed by a chlorophyll molecule it _________ electrons.
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For each item below, state whether it occurs during the light or dark reaction portion of
photosynthesis and give the location where it occurs in a chloroplast.
Carbon dioxide joins Ribulose bisphosphate
Photosystem II and I
ATP and NADPH consumed
ATP and NADPH generated
______________
______________
______________
______________
____________
____________
____________
____________
Elodea is a common aquarium plant. It thrives in well lit clean water. When growing in
an aquarium under these conditions bubbles are often observed forming from the leaves
and floating free in the water. What gas would you expect to find in these bubbles?
Which portion of a chloroplast would you expect to be the most acidic during exposure to
bright light?
Stroma
Matrix
Outer membrane
Thylakoid space
Where do the electrons come from which reduce chlorophyll molecules in
photosystem II? _______________
What is transpiration?
For each plant below list the photosynthetic pathway it uses.
Ryegrass (a cool season grass)____________________
Corn (fast growing summer plant)__________________
Pineapple (prefers arid hot climates)________________
What does the acronym CAM stand for?
_______ __________discovered the carbon fixation pathway portion of photosynthesis.
What metabolic process is common to both photosynthesis and aerobic respiration?
(Hint: think hydrogen ions!)
What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle?
A plant which fixes carbon at night and keeps its stomata closed during the day as a water
conservation measure photosynthesizes by which pathway?_____________
A plant that opens its during the daylight stomata briefly to allow gas exchange and
operates on carbon fixation efficiency photosynthesizes by which
pathway?______________
What portions of the visible spectrum are absorbed by chlorophyll? What portions are
reflected?
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Assume that a plant’s primary photosynthetic pigment is chlorophyll. This plant is
growing in a greenhouse with all of the light provided by artificial lighting. Which of the
following light bulbs would you expect to produce the best growth results for your plant?
WHY?
Red bulbs Yellow bulbs
Green bulbs Blue bulbs
How many molecules of carbon dioxide are needed to make 2 molecules of glucose?
___________ is a gas that commonly enters the leaf via the stoma.
List three reasons why cell division is important.
__________________
__________________
__________________
List in order the phases of the cell cycle discussed in class.
Are all human cells capable of cell division?
What is the genome?
In a human somatic cell, there are _______ pairs of chromosomes.
If a cell has 20 chromatids during cell division, how many centromeres are
there?______________
________ ______________ is the process where the entire genome is copied, this occurs
during the ___ portion of ______________.
When a cell divides by mitosis _______ (number) of cell are produced. The cells are
genetically _________ (identical/different).
Karyokinesis refers to the division of the _________________; cytokinesis refers to the
division of the _________________.
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Draw a replicated chromosome and label the sister chromatids, centromere and the
attachment to the mitotic spindle.
If a cell is subjected to colchicine, a drug that interferes with the function of the spindle
apparatus, at which stage of cell division will mitosis be arrested?
List in order the phases of the cell cycle for a cell which divides by mitosis.
___________ is the phase where the chromatin condenses to form chromosomes.
____________ is the phase where the sister chromatids are pulled apart at the
centromeres and move towards the poles of the cell.
_____________ is the phase where the nucleus reforms.
_____________ is the longest phase of the cell cycle; many cells will never leave this
phase.
If a cell completed mitosis but not karyokinesis, the result would be a cell with:
Animal cells accomplish cytokinesis by the process of _________________________.
Plant cells accomplish cytokinesis by the formation of the ______________________.
The __________________ (organelle) in an animal cell are responsible for the formation
of the spindle apparatus.
______________ and ____________ enzymes are thought to be critical in providing
checkpoints to regulate the cell cycle.
Do most cancer cells exhibit contact inhibition?
What is a tumor? List the two main categories and describe each.
Cancer begins when a single cell in a tissue undergoes _________, a process that
converts a normal cell into a cancerous one.
Malignant tumors are capable of ___________, the ability to be spread through the body
by lymph or blood vessels.
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