Download Section 2:Looking Inside Cells

A. Similarities
Cells
Chapter 1: Cell Structure and Function
All cells have:
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Heredity material (nucleus)
By: Miss Murphy
B. Differences
C. Classified two ways
Not all cells are alike. The cell pictures we
Prokaryotic- have no membrane around
study are “models”
Cells differ in
Size and shape
Function
Types of organelles present
D. Plant and Animal Cells
Three major parts
these cells have in
common:
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Plant cells can have
3 addition
organelles:
Cell wall
Chloroplasts
Large central
vacuole
nucleus and have a cell wall
Example: bacteria
Eukaryotic- have a membrane around the
nucleus
Example: plants and animals
Cell Membrane
Structure:
•Flexible
•Outer boundary
•Double layer of molecules
and protein
Example:
•School doors
Function:
•Lets things in and out of the
cell
•Lets food, water and oxygen
in
•Lets wastes out
Cytoplasm
Structure:
•Gelatin like
•Made of many
chemicals
•Moving
Nucleus
Function:
•Holds the organelles
Nuclear Envelope
Function:
•Lets materials enter
and leave the nucleus
Chromatin
Example:
•Principal
Nucleolus
Structure:
•Located in the
nucleus
Function:
•Makes ribosomes
Example:
•Copy machine
Example:
•Secretaries
Structure:
•Threadlike
•Made of proteins and
DNA
Function:
•Directs all activities
of the cell
Example:
•Main office
Example:
•Floors and walls
Structure:
•Membrane
•Has pores
Structure:
•Largest structure
Function:
•Instructions that direct
all of the cells functions
•Becomes the
chromosomes during
cell division
Mitochondria
Structure:
•Oval
•Folded inner
membrane
Example:
•Cafeteria
Function:
•Breaks down food
and releases energy
•“powerhouse”
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Body
Structure:
Function:
•Membrane covered sacs •Package and store lipids
and proteins
Example:
•Export these items to
•Loud speaker
other locations in the
and emails
cell or outside the cell
Ribosomes
Structure:
Function:
•Small 2 part structure •Makes proteins
•Scattered in
cytoplasm or attached
to ER
Vacuoles
Example:
•Water fountains
Function:
•Smooth ER- produces
lipids
•Rough ER- has
ribosomes that produce
protein
•Both move these
materials around the cell
Lysosomes
Structure:
•Small sac
Function:
•Gets rid of cell
waste
Example:
•Custodians/ Janitors
Example:
•Cafeteria Food
Structure:
•Small sac
Structure:
•Folded membrane
Found throughout entire
cell
Example:
•Cafeteria workers
Function:
•Stores materials
like water and food
Cell Wall
(plant and bacteria only)
Structure:
Function:
•Made of tough cellulose •Protects plant cell
fibers
•Gives shape
•Surrounds membrane
Example:
•Fence around
school
Chloroplast (plant only)
Structure:
•Green
•Oval structure
•Contains chlorophyll
(green pigment that
traps light)
Function:
•Photosynthesis occurs
here
Example:
•Solar panels
Large Central Vacuole
(plant only)
Structure:
•Large sac
•In plant cell
Example:
•Refrigerator
E. Organizing Cells
Example
Tissues- Group of similar cells that work
Skeletal system
together to do one job
Organ- Group of different tissues that work
together to do one job
Organ system- Group of organs that work
together to do one job
Function:
•Storage of food and
water
Bone cells----- bone tissues----- bone-----
skeleton