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Transcript
Name:______________________________________________________________ Date:_________________ Biology Final Review Packet Chapter 9: Energy in the Cell Vocabulary: ATP Chlorophyll Cellular respiration ADP chloroplast anaerobic photolysis photosynthesis aerobic 1. Give the equation for photosynthesis ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Please complete the table below: Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis Occurs in which organelle? Plants or animals? Gas taken in? Gas released? Light required? Food created or broken down? 3. Why is it necessary for organisms to store their energy? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Explain process below: ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 1 Name:______________________________________________________________ Date:_________________ 5. Use graph below to answer the following questions: a. Which colors of light are absorbed the most in the process of photosynthesis? ______________________________________________________________________________ b. Which colors are used the least?_______________________________________________________ c. What happens to the colors that are not absorbed?_________________________________________ d. What happens to the wavelengths of light that are absorbed? _______________________________ Chapter 10: Mendel and Meiosis Vocabulary: Heredity Gametes Law of segregation Homozygous Recessive Crossing over Homologous chromosome Punnett square Haploid trait phenotype meiosis heterozygous dominant fertilization mutagen Karyotype autosome alleles genotype zygote hybrid Mendel mitosis mutation diploid sex chromosome 6. If a cell with 26 chromosomes goes through mitosis, how many chromosomes will be in the daughter cells? ________ How many daughter cells will there be?______ 7. If a cell with 26 chromosomes goes through meiosis, how many chromosomes will be in the resulting cells? ____________ how many cells will result? _________ 2 Name:______________________________________________________________ Date:_________________ 8. Define Mendel’s law of segregation: __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. A female’s gamete is referred to as a(n) ________________ and a male gamete is referred to as a(n)____________. These are both a type of sex cell. 10. An organism’s haploid number is 14, what is its diploid number? _______________ 11. If two heterozygous long haired dogs are crossed, what would be the genotype and phenotype of the offspring? (use H’s for letters to show cross) 12. Using the Pedigree below answer questions a- e a. What typed of inheritance pattern does it show? _______________________ b. What is the genotype of a male, whose box is shaded? __________________ c. What is the genotype of the females with a half shaded in circle? ____________________ d. What would be the genotype of the first female in the second row? ______________ e. The female in the first row is classified as a ___________________ 13. A woman that is not color blind marries and has a male offspring, with a man that is colored blind. Is it possible for the son to be color blind? Explain and show Punnett square. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 14. Cross a person with type “AB” blood with type “BO”. What are the possible offspring? Show punnet square 3 Name:______________________________________________________________ Date:_________________ 15. Can a man with type “B” blood and a woman with type “B” blood have a baby with type O blood? Create a punnett square and explain. 16. Can blood typing alone determine paternity of a child? Explain using punnet squares to support your statements. Chapter 11: Genetic Material Vocabulary: Nitrogen base Double helix DNA replication Messenger RNA Mutagen Transfer RNA Transcription Codon Translation Human Genome Mutation Point mutation Frameshift mutation Chromosomal mutation 17. What does DNA stand for?_____________________________________________ 18. What is the sugar found in DNA? _____________________________________________ 19. Where is DNA found in the cell? _____________________________________________ 20. What is the function of DNA? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 21. What are the nitrogen bases in DNA? How do they pair? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 22. Which two components make up the backbone of a DNA structure?______________________________________________________________________________ 4 Name:______________________________________________________________ Date:_________________ 23. Please use the model to the right to label. a. Label each phosphate with a P. b. Label each sugar with an S. c. Circle one nucleotide. d. Write the complimentary base pair by using the letters, A, G,T or C. 24. Which scientist discovered the structure of DNA?___________________________________ 25. What is the structure of DNA called??___________________________________________ 26. Arrange the following in order from smallest to largest in size: Chromosome, nucleus, cell DNA, Nucleotide: _______________________________________________________________________________________ 27. Explain the process of DNA replication. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 28. What does RNA Stand for?_____________________________________________ 29. What is the sugar found in RNA?________________________________________ 30. What are the nitrogen bases found in RNA? How do they pair? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 31. What are the types of RNA and what are their functions? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 32. Complete the following chart: Structure DNA RNA Strand(s) of nucleotides Sugar Nitrogen bases 5 Name:______________________________________________________________ Date:_________________ 33. Explain the differences between RNA and DNA. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 34. Summarize the process of transcription. Where does this happen in the cell? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 35. Summarize the process of translation. Where does this happen in the cell? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 36. For each of the following sequences, fill in either the DNA, the mRNA sequence, the rRNA anticodons, or the amino acid sequences that have been left blank. *Use page 298 to complete the sequence of amino acids. DNA _____________________________________________________________ mRNA A U G A C U AA U G G G G G U A U U A C U U U ______________________________________________________ DNA T A C mRNA AA A G C ___ C G C T C C G C C G T C G A C A A T ___ A C C _____________________________________________________ ___________ __________________________________________________________________________ _ ___ 6 Name:______________________________________________________________ Date:_________________ 37. Label the figure to the right. Use these choices: Transfer RNA (tRNA), amino acid chain, codon, anticodon, messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosome 38. What process is illustrated in the figure to the right?__________________________ Chapter 15: Evolution Artificial selection Natural selection Mimicry Gene pool Camouflage Homologous structure Analogous structure Vestigial structure Polyploid Embryo 39. Who was the founder of modern evolution theory?_______________________________ 40. Explain how natural selection can change a population of organisms. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 41. Circle one homologous structure found in each of the following diagrams. 7 Name:______________________________________________________________ Date:_________________ Chapter 18: Pathogens and Disease Virus Host cell Bacteriophage Pathogen Lytic cycle Lysogenic cycle Binary Fission Endospore Toxin Nitrogen fixation 42. Explain three ways bacteria are used to aid humans. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 43. What do pathogens produce to injury host cells?_________________________________ 44. How can bacteria and viruses be transmitted between humans? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 45. What is the function of an antibiotic? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 46. Explain the negative consequence of over using antibiotics. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 47. Explain why humans can carry a virus but not show symptoms. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 48. What is the function of an interferon in a body cell? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 49. How does a fever aid in curing disease in humans? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 8 Name:______________________________________________________________ Date:_________________ 50. What type of cell does HIV/AIDS effect?______________________________________ 51. Why are people with HIV or AID susceptible to all kinds of infectious diseases? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 35: Human Body Organ Function Appendix Gall bladder Large intestine Liver Mouth Pancreas Rectum Salivary glands Small intestine Stomach 9 Name:______________________________________________________________ Date:_________________ 52. Label the following diagram using the terms found in the chart above. A.______________________________ B.______________________________ C.______________________________ D.______________________________ E.______________________________ F.______________________________ G.______________________________ H._______________________________ I.________________________________ J.________________________________ K. _______________________________ 53. Label the diagram below using the dissection lab completed in class. A.______________________________ B.______________________________ C.______________________________ D.______________________________ E.______________________________ F.______________________________ G.______________________________ 10
