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Guided Notes for Transcription & Translation (Chapter 8.4-7) Essential Question: Why is the sequence of nucleotides in DNA molecules so important? What the three processes involved in the central dogma of molecular biology? In what ways does RNA differ from DNA? Name at least two. Identify and describe the three types of RNA. Describe the process of transcription and explain why it occurs in the nucleus. How are the processes of transcription and replication similar? How are they different? What is a codon? Describe the function of start and stop codons. Which amino acid would be encoded by the mRNA codon CGA? GGA? UGG? ACU? Describe the process of translation and explain why it occurs in the cytoplasm. Describe the relationship between a codon and a protein. Why is regulation of gene expression important in eukaryotes? How do the two types of gene mutations differ? Differentiate between gene duplication and gene translocation. Describe a mutation and explain why it might not have an effect on the organism. Why would a mutation to ta body cell be unlikely to affect the offspring of an organism?