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Transcript
Transcription Factors Extra Levels of Control What? • Transcription factors (TF) – diffusible proteins – act at numerous sites on many chromosomes – Influence transcription by interacting with other proteins or segments of DNA • “Upstream” = being 5’ to the start site – Negative numbers of bases • “Downstream” = being 3’ to the start site – Positive numbers of bases Why? • Finer control over transcription – Recruits RNA Polymerase II • Selective expression of specific genes • Protection of promoter sequences – Protection from denaturation & proteolysis – TATA box, upstream promoter element (UPE), Pribnow box, CpG islands, CAAT box, -10 to -35 • Adoption of specific 3D conformation of DNA Upstream Promoter Element (UPE) Transcription Inhibition Where? • • • • • • • Promoter & enhancer sequences on DNA On transcriptional elements (TE) or enhansons In the “open complex” of DNA In the origin region of DNA In the helix-loop-helix motif In leucine zippers In zinc fingers TATA box binding Zinc fingers Zinc Finger II March 2007 Molecule of the Month by David Goodsell doi: 10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2007_3 http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/mike/spring2003/leucinezipper.jpg Helix-loop-helix n0b311a.blogspot.com Helix-turn-helix FEMS Microbiology Reviews 29 (2005) 231–262
