Download Topic 2.4 Proteins Study Guide Amino acids are linked together by

Topic 2.4 Proteins Study Guide
Amino acids are linked together by
condensation to form polypeptides.
There are 20 different amino acids in
polypeptides synthesized on ribosomes.
Amino acids can be linked together in any
sequence giving a huge range of possible
polypeptides.
The amino acid sequence of polypeptides
is coded for by genes.
A protein may consist of a single
polypeptide or more than one polypeptide
linked together.
The amino acid sequence determines the
three-dimensional conformation of a
protein.
2.4 Proteins - Applications
and skills:
Application: Rubisco,
insulin, immunoglobulins,
rhodopsin, collagen and
spider silk as examples of
the range of protein
functions.
Application: Denaturation of
proteins by heat or by
deviation of pH from the
optimum.
Skill: Drawing molecular
diagrams to show the
formation of a peptide
bond.
Living organisms synthesize many different
proteins with a wide range of functions.
Every individual has a unique proteome.
Outline the condensation reaction that creates a dipeptide:
State the function of the ribosome:
Explain each level of protein structure:
Define proteome:
State 5 examples of proteins and their functions:
State what happens when a protein is denatured:
Topic 2.5 Enzymes
2.5 Enzymes - Understandings:
Enzymes have an active site to
which specific substrates bind.
Enzyme catalysis involves
molecular motion and the collision
of substrates with the active site.
Temperature, pH and substrate
concentration affect the rate of
activity of enzymes.
Enzymes can be denatured.
2.5 Enzymes - Applications and skills:
Application: Methods of production of lactosefree milk and its advantages.
Skill: Design of experiments to test the effect
of temperature, pH and substrate
concentration on the activity of enzymes.
Skill: Experimental investigation of a factor
affecting enzyme activity. (Practical 3)
Immobilized enzymes are widely
used in industry.
Discuss enzyme-substrate specificity:
State what enzymes do to activation energy:
Draw a graph to show how enzymes affect activation energy:
Explain how enzymes become denatured:
Describe how lactose free milk is produced:
Topic 8.1 Metabolism
Metabolic pathways consist of chains and cycles of
enzyme-catalysed reactions.
Enzymes lower the activation energy of the chemical
reactions that they catalyse.
Enzyme inhibitors can be competitive or noncompetitive.
Metabolic pathways can be controlled by end-product
inhibition.
Explain how enzymes behave as catalysts:
Compare competitive and non-competitive inhibitors:
Explain end product inhibition:
8.1 Metabolism - Applications and skills:
Application: End-product inhibition of the
pathway that converts threonine to
isoleucine.
Application: Use of databases to identify
potential new anti-malarial drugs.
Skill: Calculating and plotting rates of
reaction from raw experimental results.
Skill: Distinguishing different types of
inhibition from graphs at specified substrate
concentration.