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Transcript
Unit 9 Review Notes Cells have different shapes and sizes. Their shape depends on the job they do. Their form (shape) follows their function (job) Cells have a nucleus. The nucleus is the center of the cell and holds the directions for the cell. 4 macromolecules in cells Proteins – the food in a cell – hair, nails and muscles are made of these Lipids – the fats in a cell – lipids are hydrophobic (they hate water) they also store energy – cell membranes are made of these Carbohydrates – the energy in a cell (cellulose in plants – Chitin in animals) Nucleic Acids – hold all the instructions for the cell (DNA & RNA) The Cell Theory: All living things have cells A Cell is the basic unit of life Only cells can make other cells Benefit to being multicellular – live longer, grow bigger, have specialized cells The cells of unicellular organisms divide to reproduce; those of multicellular organisms divide to replace cells and to grow bigger. Cell Organization Cells work together to form tissues Tissues work together to form organs Organs work together to form organ systems Organ systems work together to form an organism Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus – DNA is located in the nucleus Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus – DNA travels freely within the cell Plant cells have two things animal cells do not – CELL WALL, CHLOROPLASTS, Organelles – organs inside the cell Golgi complex – (like college) gives Ribosomes a specific job and wraps them in the Golgi complex where they become VESICLES. Ribosomes – proteins inside a cell (food in a cell) Mitochondria – like a battery – stored energy (shaped like a rod with lines inside) Cytoplasm – the juice inside the cell – clear ER (both rough and smooth) – tubes act as passage ways for ribosomes - creates the ribosomes – lives near the nucleus – smooth part doesn’t have ribosomes on it, the rough part does. Nucleus – stores the DNA (the instructions) and is the brain of the cell Cell Membrane – made up of lipids – protection and acts like a door Lysosomes – digests waste Vacuole – water filled sac Chloroplasts – turn sunlight into food for plants only *Cells are the building blocks of all life Atoms are the basic building block of matter Animal Cell Ribosomes Cell Membrane Mitochondria Vacuole Cytoplasm Rough ER Vesicle Golgi Complex Nucleus Lysosome DNA Smooth ER