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Transcript
1.1 Cell Structure Eukaryotic- A cell which has a nucleus. Animal, plant, fungi and protoctista. Prokaryotic- A cell which has no nucleus, only a single loop of DNA found in the cytoplasm. Bacteria. Cell membrane- A part of the cell which controls what enters and exits the cell. Cytoplasm- A part of the cell where chemical reactions take place. Nucleus- A part of the cell which controls it. It contains DNA. Cell wall- Found outside of the cell membrane and supports the cell. Single DNA loop- Single strand of DNA found in prokaryotic cells e.g bacteria. Plasmids- Small rings of DNa found in prokaryotic cells. Mitochondria- A part of the cell where aerobic respiration takes place. Found in eukaryotic cells. Ribosomes- A part of all cells where protein is made. Chloroplasts- A part of a plant cell which contains chlorophyll, the light absorbing pigment used in photosynthesis. Permanent vacuole- Store of cell sap in plant cells. Differentiation- The process where a cell becomes specialized to perform a particular function. Certain genes have been turned on/off to enable an unspecialized cell to become specialized. Specialised- Where a cell has differentiated and become a particular type of cell to perform a specific function. E.g root hair cell, sperm cell. Electron microscope- A microscope which uses electrons to visualize specimens. Electrons have a short wavelength which provides a high resolution, enabling you to see internal structures of a cell in detail. Light microscope- A microscope which uses light energy to visualize specimens. Light has a longer wavelength therefore provides a lower resolution than electron microscopes. They are therefore cheaper. Magnification-The process of enlarging a specimen. Resolution- The ability to distinguish two points that are extremely close together. The higher the resolution, the clearer the image will be. Binary fission- The process of asexual reproduction in bacteria, where the parent cell splits and divides into two identical cells. Mean division time- The time it takes for bacteria to reproduce by binary fission. This is usually 20 minutes. Uncontaminated- No dirt, or living organisms have entered. It is sterile. Disinfectant- Kills living organisms. Antibiotics- Kill bacteria. Aseptic- The sterile technique used to minimize contamination of dirt or living organisms. Accurate- A measurement result is considered accurate if it is judged to be close to the true value. Repeatable- A measurement is repeatable if the original experimenter repeats the investigation using same method and equipment and obtains the same results. Previously known as reliable.