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Review Sheet for Biology Midterm
1. What are the 3 organelles do plant cells have that animal cells do not have? (page 199)
Cell Wall, Chloroplast & Large Vacuoles
2. What is a constant in an experiment? (pg 19)
Remains the same (does not change)
3. What is the independent variable in an experiment? (19)
It is what get changed (what you are testing)
4. How is the dependent variable effected by the independent variable? (19)
Dependent variable (what get measured) changes based on the independent variable
5. What is an element? (149)
Pure substance that cannot be broken down by physical or chemical forces
6. How do substrates work with enzymes? (160)
Substrates bind to active sites
7. What does the term anaerobic mean? (228)
Without oxygen
8. Are gametes haploid or diploid? (271)
Haploid (contain half the number of chromosomes)
9. How many chromosomes are in a human body cell?
46
10. How many chromosomes are in a human gamete (sperm or egg)?
23
11. What is the phenotypic ration of a heterozygous dihybrid cross? (282)
9:3:3:1
12. Explain how response and stimulus are related. (9)
Something (stimulus) has to happen to get a response
13. What do you use to make a scientific observation? (Hint: sight, sounds, touch…..)
Your senses
14. What is an inference? (16)
Drawing conclusion from observations (not always true)
15. What are the three subatomic particles and what are their charges? (148)
Proton (positive), electron (negative) & neutron (neutral/no charge)
16. What do enzymes do to biological reactions? (159)
Speed them up
17. What type of energy do enzymes lower? (159)
Activation energy
18. What is adhesion in water molecules? Cohesion?
Water sticking to other “things”
Water sticking to water
19. Which element is found in proteins but not in carbohydrates or lipids? (168-170)
Nitrogen
20. What are the building blocks of proteins? (170)
Amino Acids
21. What is stored in DNA or nucleic acids? (193)
Genetic material
22. What is the role of the mitochondria in cells? (197)
Powerhouse – turns sugar into energy
23. What does facilitated diffusion use to move molecules across the cell membrane? (202)
Transport proteins
24. How does passive transport differ from active transport? (205)
Passive transport= no energy needed Active Transport=requires energy
25. What happens to cells placed in hypotonic solutions? In hypertonic solution? (204-205)
Hypotonic=Swells up
Hypertonic=shrinks
26. What happens to a cell in an isotonic solution? (204)
Remains the same, doesn’t get bigger or smaller
27. When meiosis ends how many and what type of cells have been formed? (275)
4 haploid genetically different cells (gametes=eggs or sperm)
28. During interphase what occurs during the S or synthesis stage? (247)
DNA gets copied (synthesized)
29. List the stages of mitosis in order (248-251)
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase & Telophase
30. List the steps of the cell cycle in order. (253)
Interphase, Mitosis & Cytokinesis
31. What happens to chromosomes in telophase? (251)
They arrive at opposite poles and they uncoil (become too small to be seen)
32. What happens to the chromosomes number in a cell after mitosis? (275)
Remains the same (if a cell has 46 chromosomes, then it has 46 chromosomes after mitosis)
33. What regulates the cell cycle? (253)
Cyclin
34. What are cancer cells and why do they reproduce so rapidly? (254)
Cells that have uncontrolled growth, the growth regulating portion of the cell doesn’t work right
35. Why are stem cells important medically? (256-257)
They have not specialized yet and can be trained to become any type of cell
36. What process creates gametes? (275)
Meiosis
37. What process occurs when gametes join? (271)
Fertilization
38. What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous? (271)
Homozygous= both alleles are the same
Heterozygous= both alleles are different
39. What is the phenotype of an organism? (279)
Physical appearance of an organism (use words to describe what they look like)
40. Put the following terms in order from largest to smallest—cell, nucleus, DNA, nucleotide,
chromosome
Cell-Nucleus-Chromosome-DNA-Nucleotide
41. If two black rabbits are crossed and one of the offspring is white what is the genotype of the
parents. Black is dominant over white.
The parents have to be heterozygous-Bb x Bb (25% bb)
42. What is the difference in asexual and sexual reproduction? (276)
Asexual= identical to parent cell
Sexual= genetically different to parents
43. What is the correct equation for cellular respiration? (228)
Oxygen + Glucose carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP) 6O2+C6H12O66CO2+6H2O+ATP
44. What is the correct equation for photosynthesis? (222)
Carbon dioxide + water + sunlight oxygen + Glucose 6CO2+6H2O+sunlight6O2+C6H12O6
45. What is the relationship between the formulas of cellular respiration and photosynthesis? (220
picture)
They are opposites of each other
46. What is the outer must organelle of the animal cell? (187)
Cell membrane (aka plasma membrane)
47. What are transport proteins and how are they used? (189)
To transport large molecules through the cell membrane
48. What do ribosomes do in the cell? (193)
Make (synthesis) proteins
49. Eukaryotes have a __________ and prokaryotes do not. (Pro No, Eu do)
Nucleus
50. How many divisions occur in meiosis?
2
51. Carbohydrates supply what type of energy? (168)
Quick energy
52. What happens during metaphase? (250)
The chromosomes meet in the middle of the cell
This is just to get you in the right direction and review main topics we covered during the first half of the
semester. Please make sure to review notes, handouts, quizzes, and tests as well as spend time on
www.usatestprep.com in order to practice answering questions about these topics.