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Transcript
• 3 kinds of variables • Independent • Dependent • Constant • Independent variable • What you change on purpose • Dependent variable • What you are measuring • constant • What stays the same • Steps of the scientific method • • • • • Ask a question or state the problem Make hypothesis Test hypothesis Analyze data and get results Make conclusion • Organelle • Mini organ inside a cell with a specific function • Cell wall • Provides Structure and support for plant cells • Nucleus • Controls the cell • Nucleolus • Makes ribosomes • chloroplast • Does photosynthesis • Converts sunlight into energy • Cytoplasm • Gel like substance that holds all the organelles in place • ribosome • Makes proteins • mitochondria • Powerhouse of the cell • Makes energy • Cell membrane • Controls what goes in and out of the cell • Golgi Complex • Packages materials out of the cell • Vacuole • Stores food and water • Endoplasmic reticulum • Passageways through the cell • Lysosome • Gets rid of waste and worn out cell parts • Cell • Smallest unit that can carry out all life processes • Basic unit of all living things • Cell theory • All cells come from other cells • All living things have cells • Cells are basic unit of life • Characteristics of all living things Have • One or more Cells • DNA • Protective covering • Characteristics of all living things Do Grow or develop Give off waste Move or expand territory Reproduce Adjust to environment • Characteristics of all living things Need Energy Resources, oxygen, CO2, nutrients Water Shelter or habitat • 2 kinds of cells • Prokaryotic • Eukaryotic • Prokaryotic • Cells with no nucleus • Example-bacteria • Eukaryotic • Cells with a nucleus • Example-plants and animals • Hypothesis • If, then, because statement • Prediction about what will happen • Must be testable New Cards Front Benefits of being multicellular Back 1. Can be bigger 2. Longer life span 3. Specialized cells Front Organization of living things Back 1. Cells 2. Tissue 3. Organ 4. Organ system Front Tissue Back Many cells working together Example: muscle tissue Front organ Back Many tissues working together Example: stomach Front Organ system Back Many organs working together Example: digestive system Front Two types of cellular transport Back Active and passive transport Front Active transport Back cell does use energy to move particles Moves particles from Low concentration to high concentration Front Types of active transport Back Endocytosis Exocytosis Front Endocytosis Back Particles moving into a cell using energy Low concentration to high concentration Front exocytosis Back Particles leaving a cell using energy Low concentration to high concentration Front Passive transport Back cell moving particles without using energy High concentration to low concentration Front Types of passive transport Back Osmosis diffusion Front osmosis Back Movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane to reach equilibrium High to low concentration Front Diffusion Back movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Example: odors spreading out through a room Front When comparing two solutions there are three possible relationships Back Hypertonic Hypotonic Isotonic Front Hypertonic Back A solution that causes a cell to shrink because of osmosis. Meaning water leaves the cell. Front Hypotonic Back A solution that causes a cell to swell because of osmosis meaning water rushes into the cell. Front Isotonic Back A solution that causes no change in cell size. Meaning there is no net movement of water. Front Autotroph Back Organism that makes their own food Example: plants Front Heterotroph Back Organisms that eat other organisms Example: animals Front Photosynthesis Back The process by which the energy of sunlight is converted into the energy of glucose Front Formula for photosynthesis Back Uses: Sunlight, Water, Carbon Dioxide Makes: Sugar (glucose) and Oxygen Front Chlorophyll Back The pigment inside the chloroplast that absorbs light for photosynthesis Front Cellular respiration Back The release of chemical energy (ATP) in the mitochondria for use by cells. Front Formula for cellular respiration Back Uses: Sugar (glucose) and Oxygen Makes: Energy (ATP), Water, Carbon Dioxide Front Equilibrium Back The concentration of particles is equal inside and outside of cells Front Semi-permeable Back Some things can pass through a membrane but others can’t Front Steps of the cell cycle Back Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis Front Interphase Back DNA copies itself, you can see the nucleus, and the cell grows Front DNA replication Back DNA copying itself Front Steps of Mitosis Back Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Front Prophase Back Nucleus disappears and you can see the chromosomes Front metaphase Back Chromosomes line up in the middle Front Anaphase Back Chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell Front Telophase Back Cell starts to split into two cells and new nucleus forms Front Cytokinesis Back Cell divides in two Front Chromosome Back Made of DNA and found in the nucleus Front Initials of the cell cycle Back I P M A T Study your flashcards for the rest of class