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6.01 Cell Organelles + Active and Passive Transport Animal cell Plant cell •Eukaryotic cell- A cell that contains a nucleus. Two types of eukaryotic cells. Animal cell Plant cell •Prokaryotic•A cell that does not have a nucleus. •Cell membrane- the layer through which substances pass in and out of the cell. Cell membrane •Cell Wall- The outermost layer of plants cells. Plant cell wall • Nucleus – • found in eukaryotic cells; contains DNA. The control center for the cell. • The job of a nucleus is to be the control center of the cell. The nucleus in a human cell has forty-six chromosomes. This stores the instruction of the cell's activity. The nucleus is like a vault. It contains the cell's DNA. • DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) - Heredity material that controls all the activities of a cell. •Chromosomesdirects the activities of a cell and passes on the traits of a cell to new cells. •Cytoplasm•fluid surrounding a cell’s organelles. •Lysosomesdigests food particles, wastes & foreign invaders. •Vacuoles- Stores water and other materials. •Mitochondriabreaks down food molecules. •ChloroplastsMakes food using the energy of sunlight. (This process is called Photosynthesis) • Endoplasmic Reticulum- (ER) • packages up proteins for release from the cell. •RibosomesMakes proteins. •Golgi Body ComplexProcesses and transports materials out of the cell. ************************************* •************************* ************************* ************************* ************************* ************************* Homeostasis • Maintaining stable internal conditions. Ex: sweating when running so you don’t overheat I’m thirsty- I drink something I’m hungry – I eat something Passive Transport • Allows materials to move through the cell membrane with out the use of energy. • Diffusion• molecules of a substance move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. Here’s an example. Let’s test this out • Let’s perform a few experiments to find out how it works. • I have a air freshner that I will spray at the front of the room. The person at the back of the room will tell me when he/she smells the scent. Osmosis • The movement of water from areas of high to low concentration. Active Transport • The movement of materials from areas of low to high transportation. • Requires the use of energy. •Endocytosis cell takes in large particles by engulfing them. •Exocytosis cell gets rid of particles, opposite of endocytosis The End.