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Download Good Luck and Happy Studying!! Intro to Biochemistry
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Interactive Study Guide: Biochemistry (PowerPoint notes, lab activities, articles and chapter 2-3 text reference) If you complete this study guide and study your notes, you will do well on the quiz!! Good Luck a nd Ha ppy St udying!! In tro to Bioche mis try Organic (in biochemical terms) means: ___________________________________________________________________________________ Carbon has _________ e – in outer shell Be able to identify single, double and triple bonds as well as straight chains, branched chains, and rings (see Figure 2-11 on page 44 of your text for samples) Another word for really big molecules is ____________________________________________ The removal of H2O to form macromolecules, such as carbohydrates, is called _____________________________________ while macromolecules can be broken down into their building blocks by hydrolysis, the _________________________________________________________. Carbohyd ra tes All carbohydrates are made of C, H, and O in what ratio? _____________ o Examples: (C6 H---------O--------) fill in the blanks The building blocks of carbohydrates are called _______________________. Give three examples of these simple sugars and describe where they can be found: ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ What is an isomer? ___________________________________________________________________ 2 monosaccharides combined is called a ____________________________________________________ Name the following sugars: ___________________________________ - common table sugar = glucose + fructose ___________________________________ - major sugar in milk = glucose + galactose ___________________________________ – malt sugar; product of starch digestion = glucose + glucose Polysaccharides- many linked monosaccharides: Know 5 kinds of polysaccharides and where they can be found/function(s). What energy molecule drives metabolism? __________________________________________________ Pro teins What elements are in proteins? __________________________________________________________ The building blocks of proteins are called: ___________________________________________________ We need 20 amino acids for our bodies to function properly. How many are essential? Non-essential? _______essential; _____________ non-essential Be able to list/describe the several function of proteins and well as their ‘tyoe’ and location in the body (example- collagen is a support/structural protein found in the connective tissue of the body) Know how to label the general structure an amino acid- see notes and figure 2-16 on page 47 of your text. Be able to describe the function of protein enzymes (see text reference 2-4: Chemical reactions and enzymes). Lip ids Know the elements that compose lipids and their ratios. The building blocks of lipids are called? __________________________________ What are some functions of lipids in the body? ___________________________________________________________________________________ The polar end (-COOH) of a triglyceride is hydrophilic, meaning it: _____________________________ The hydrocarbon end is non-polar (known as hydrophobic meaning it _________________________________ When all C are single bonded, it is known as a(n) _____________________________________________ When double bonded (max. # of bonds unfulfilled)? ____________________________________________ Be able to describe hydrogenation and the effects of trans-fatty acids, as well as microparticulation (reference notes, are fake fats for real article). 3 molecules of fatty acid joined to 1 glycerol (alcohol) are called: __________________________________ Describe saturated and unsaturated fats~ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Be sure how to recognize the difference between saturated fats and unsaturated fats! 2 fatty acids joined to glycerol is called a ____________________ What part of the cell does it make up? ______________________ Long fatty acid chain joined to long alcohol chains are called? ____________________________________ Where can you find them? ______________________________________________________________ What are steroids? _______________________________________ Where can they be found? ___________________________________________________________________________________ Nucleic Acids Building blocks? ______________________________________________________________________ The elements that make up nucleic acids are? ________________________________________________ Know the make-up of RNA and DNA: Phosphate group, nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, & uracil), and pentose sugar Differences between RNA & DNA? RNA DNA _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ Nitrogen bases include: ___________________________________________________________________ Complimentary base pairing Pair up like: ______ in DNA (______ in RNA), _________ in both DNA & RNA Other Impo rtan t Stu ff The chemical indicator for starch is __________________________. Color of a positive reaction? ______________________ The chemical indicator for protein is __________________________. Color of a positive reaction? ______________________ The chemical indicator for sugar is __________________________. Color of a positive reaction? ______________________