Download Good Luck and Happy Studying!! Intro to Biochemistry

Interactive Study Guide: Biochemistry
(PowerPoint notes, lab activities, articles and chapter 2-3 text reference)
If you complete this study guide and study your notes, you will do well on the quiz!!
Good Luck a nd Ha ppy St udying!! 
In tro to Bioche mis try
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Organic (in biochemical terms) means:
___________________________________________________________________________________
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Carbon has _________ e – in outer shell
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Be able to identify single, double and triple bonds as well as straight chains, branched chains, and rings (see
Figure 2-11 on page 44 of your text for samples)

Another word for really big molecules is ____________________________________________

The removal of H2O to form macromolecules, such as carbohydrates, is called
_____________________________________ while macromolecules can be broken down into their
building blocks by hydrolysis, the _________________________________________________________.
Carbohyd ra tes
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All carbohydrates are made of C, H, and O in what ratio? _____________
o Examples: (C6 H---------O--------) fill in the blanks

The building blocks of carbohydrates are called _______________________. Give three examples of these
simple sugars and describe where they can be found:
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___________________________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________________________
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What is an isomer? ___________________________________________________________________

2 monosaccharides combined is called a ____________________________________________________

Name the following sugars:
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___________________________________ - common table sugar = glucose + fructose

___________________________________ - major sugar in milk = glucose + galactose

___________________________________ – malt sugar; product of starch digestion = glucose + glucose

Polysaccharides- many linked monosaccharides: Know 5 kinds of polysaccharides and where they can be
found/function(s).

What energy molecule drives metabolism? __________________________________________________
Pro teins

What elements are in proteins? __________________________________________________________

The building blocks of proteins are called: ___________________________________________________

We need 20 amino acids for our bodies to function properly. How many are essential? Non-essential?
_______essential; _____________ non-essential

Be able to list/describe the several function of proteins and well as their ‘tyoe’ and location in the body
(example- collagen is a support/structural protein found in the connective tissue of the body)

Know how to label the general structure an amino acid- see notes and figure 2-16 on page 47 of your text.

Be able to describe the function of protein enzymes (see text reference 2-4: Chemical reactions and
enzymes).
Lip ids

Know the elements that compose lipids and their ratios.

The building blocks of lipids are called? __________________________________

What are some functions of lipids in the body?
___________________________________________________________________________________

The polar end (-COOH) of a triglyceride is hydrophilic, meaning it: _____________________________ The
hydrocarbon end is non-polar (known as hydrophobic meaning it _________________________________

When all C are single bonded, it is known as a(n) _____________________________________________

When double bonded (max. # of bonds unfulfilled)? ____________________________________________

Be able to describe hydrogenation and the effects of trans-fatty acids, as well as microparticulation
(reference notes, are fake fats for real article).

3 molecules of fatty acid joined to 1 glycerol (alcohol) are called: __________________________________

Describe saturated and unsaturated fats~
___________________________________________________________________________________

Be sure how to recognize the difference between saturated fats and unsaturated fats!

2 fatty acids joined to glycerol is called a ____________________

What part of the cell does it make up? ______________________

Long fatty acid chain joined to long alcohol chains are called? ____________________________________

Where can you find them? ______________________________________________________________

What are steroids? _______________________________________ Where can they be found?
___________________________________________________________________________________
Nucleic Acids

Building blocks? ______________________________________________________________________

The elements that make up nucleic acids are? ________________________________________________

Know the make-up of RNA and DNA: Phosphate group, nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, cytosine,
thymine, & uracil), and pentose sugar

Differences between RNA & DNA?

RNA

DNA

_________________________
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_________________________
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_________________________
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_________________________
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_________________________
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_________________________
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_________________________
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_________________________

Nitrogen bases include:
___________________________________________________________________

Complimentary base pairing

Pair up like: ______ in DNA (______ in RNA), _________ in both DNA & RNA
Other Impo rtan t Stu ff

The chemical indicator for starch is __________________________. Color of a positive reaction?
______________________

The chemical indicator for protein is __________________________. Color of a positive reaction?
______________________

The chemical indicator for sugar is __________________________. Color of a positive reaction?
______________________