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Keystone Review
Characteristics of Life
Cells/Plasma Membrane
Osmosis / Diffusion / Transport
ALL LIVING THINGS INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING
CHARACTERISTICS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
ORGANIZATION
METABOLISM
CHANGE WITH TIME
RESPOND TO STIMULI
REPRODUCTION
MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS
GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT
Have Cells
• Unicellular
• Multicellular
Respond to stimuli
Maintain homeostasis
Metabolism
Autotrophs
Heterotrophs
Growth and development
• Growth
• Development
Reproduction
Sexual
Asexual
Change through time
BASIC PARTS OF A CELL – THREE BASIC FEATURES ARE
COMMON TO ALL CELL TYPES.
1. PLASMA MEMBRANE
 THE PLASMA MEMBRANE IS THE CELL’S OUTER BOUNDARY
 AKA CELL MEMBRANE
 ACTS AS A BARRIER BETWEEN THE INSIDE & OUTSIDE OF THE
CELL
 ALL MATERIALS MUST ENTER OR EXIT THROUGH THIS
2. CYTOPLASM
 THE REGION OF THE CELL THAT IS WITHIN THE
PLASMA MEMBRANE AND THAT INCLUDES THE FLUID,
THE CYTOSKELETON, AND ALL ORGANELLES EXCEPT
THE NUCLEUS IS CALLED THE CYTOPLASM
3. GENETIC MATERIAL
 ALL CELLS HAVE DNA FOR REGULATING THEIR FUNCTION AND
REPRODUCTION
 DNA IN SOME CELLS FLOATS FREELY INSIDE THE CELL
 OTHER CELLS HAVE A MEMBRANE-BOUND ORGANELLE THAT
CONTAINS THE CELL’S DNA AND IS CALLED THE NUCLEUS
CELLS
Prokaryotes
• Unicellular
• No nucleus
• Lack membrane-bound
organelles
• Have single loop of DNA
• Have ribosomes
• Ex: bacteria
Eukaryotes
• Uni or multicellular
• Have a nucleus
• Lots of membrane-bound
organelles
• Have DNA in chromosomes
• Ex: fungi, protists, plants,
animals
Plants vs Animals
are eukaryotic cells
Plants
• Cell Membrane
• Cell Wall
• Nucleus
• Large Central Vacuole
• Chloroplasts
• No Centrioles
Animals
• Yes
• No
• Yes
• No
• No
• Has Centrioles
Cell Organelles – tiny structures that carry out functions necessary
for the cell to stay alive
Plasma Membrane
Fluid Mosaic Model
Passive transport - NO energy
• Diffusion—movement particles from high to
low concentration
Passive transport - NO energy
• Osmosis
Passive transport - NO energy
• Osmosis
Passive transport - NO energy
• Facilitated Diffusion
Active Transport – requires energy
• Cell Membrane Pumps
Active Transport – requires energy
• Endocytosis
Active Transport – requires energy
• Exocytosis
Transport in Cells
• Uses vesicles
• Involves the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi
apparatus