Download Presentation to Six Sigma Association 2008-05

Solar radiation
passes through the
atmosphere warming
the earth
Some of the energy is
radiated back into
space
Some of the outgoing
radiation is trapped
within the atmosphere by
the greenhouse gases
The Earth would be 33
colder if it weren’t for the
greenhouse effect
The
“Greenhouse
Effect”
The problem is since industrialisation we’ve
been doing this…
Some of the outgoing
radiation is trapped
within the atmosphere by
the greenhouse gases
The Earth would be 33
colder if it weren’t for the
greenhouse effect
The
“Greenhouse
Effect”
More of the outgoing
radiation is trapped
within the atmosphere by
the increasing
greenhouse gases
The
“Enhanced
Greenhouse
Effect”
The Whitechuck Glacier (USA) retreated
1900m between 1973 and 2006
1973
2006
The Boulder Glacier retreated 450m
between 1987 and 2005
Quelccaya
Ice Cap
Peru, 1977
Lonnie G. Thompson
1000 Years of CO2 and
Global Warming
Temperature
(Northern Hemisphere)
Atmospheric CO2
1
380
360
0.5
340
0
320
300
-0.5
280
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
1000
-1
260
Source: NOAA
650,000 Years of CO2 and
Global Warming
600
CO2 (ppm)
500
400
300
200
100
0
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
-7E -6E -6E -5E -5E -4E -4E -3E -3E -2E -2E -1E -500 0 500
+05 +05 +05 +05 +05 +05 +05 +05 +05 +05 +05 +05 00
00
Years BP
600
50
500
40
400
30
Today’s CO2
300
20
200
10
100
0
0
-10
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
-7E -6E -6E -5E -5E -4E -4E -3E -3E -2E -2E -1E -50 0 500
+05 +05 +05 +05 +05 +05 +05 +05 +05 +05 +05 +05 000
00
Years BP
Temperature (C)
CO2 (ppm)
650,000 Years of CO2 and
Global Warming
650,000 Years of CO2 and
Global Warming
Projected Emissions for 2050
50
500
40
400
30
Today’s CO2
300
20
200
10
100
0
0
-10
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
-7E -6E -6E -5E -5E -4E -4E -3E -3E -2E -2E -1E -50 0 500
+05 +05 +05 +05 +05 +05 +05 +05 +05 +05 +05 +05 000
00
Years BP
Temperature (C)
CO2 (ppm)
600
The Ten Hottest Years on Record Have
Occurred in the Last 13 Years
Global Temperature Anomalies
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
SOURCE: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: National Climate Data Center
The warming is primarily due to Human
Activities
Radiative Forcing Components
3.5
3
-2
Forcing (W m )
2.5
2
1.5
1
Natural
Factors
Human Induced Factors
0.5
0
CO2
CH4, N20,
Halocarbons
Ozone
Statospheric
Water Vapor
Surface Albedo
Aerosol
Component
Source: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report
Solar Irradiance
Rainfall is declining in the southwest
Streamflow in Perth Hills has dropped
by 75%
Source: Water Corporation of WA 2007
Extremes in Australia
Murray Darling Basin
August 2007
Hunter Valley
June 2007
June 2007 Newcastle Flood
80
16
40
8
0
0
1900
Source: National Geographic 4.2004
2000
Number of Invasive Species
Frost Days
Shifts in Seasons
Mountain Pine Beetle Damage
Source: Tree Hugger
So much for what is already happening.
What is projected to happen in future?
•Impacts on global temperatures
•Impacts on rainfall
•Impacts on drought and fire
•Biodiversity impacts
•Sea level impacts
Projected Temperatures in Australia to 2100
Projected Rainfall in Australia to 2100
“Extreme fire danger days likely to increase by
up to 25% by 2020 & 70% by 2050” - IPCC
100% of Acacia Species in Southwest WA will
become extinct with 1-2C of warming
Photography by J. Flint, M. Hancock, S.D. Hopper & E. Wajon. Image used with the permission of the Western Australian Herbarium,
Department of Environment and Conservation (http://florabase.dec.wa.gov.au/help/copyright). Accessed on Thursday, 18 October 2007.
97% of the Great Barrier Reef will be bleached every
year with 2-3C of warming
Photo: Ove Hoegh-Guldberg
Loss of Artic Sea Ice 1979-2007
Scientists predict the ice will be
gone by 2032
Mandurah Today
Mandurah with a 1m Sea Level Rise
What governments need to do to stop these
projections from becoming reality
Establish an emissions trading scheme by 2010;
Commit to stop emissions increasing by 2010;
Set emissions reduction target of 30% by 2020;
Raise emissions reduction target for 2050 from
60% to 80%.
Stop building coal-fired power stations (until
carbon capture and sequestration is a reality)
Examples of New Renewable Energy
Technology – Solar Thermal Power
Examples of New Renewable Energy
Technology – Wave Power
One hundred percent of
respondents viewed climate
change as strategically
significant to their organisation
in the next five years.
Carbon conscious, Survey of executive opinion on climate change in
Australia, PWC, December 2006.
“Ninety-four percent of companies
[in Australia and NZ] recognise
the potential for climate related
issues to affect earnings,
liabilities or the company’s
general risk profile.”
Carbon Disclosure Project, 2006, Australia and New Zealand.
“Those that adapt will survive.
Those that anticipate will prosper”
James Cameron, Chairman of CDP from “Confronting Climate Risk –
Business, Investment and the Carbon Disclosure Project – October 2006.
“Climate change presents a number
of risks that Courts would consider
to be reasonably foreseeable.”
CSIRO: Infrastructure and Climate Change Risk Assessment for
Victoria: Report to the Victorian Government (2007)
“…many commentators have
forecast a wave of climate change
litigation, with parallels being
drawn with the tobacco and
asbestos litigation, no doubt in
part because of the involvement of
states and the potential scope of
the proceedings.”
International law firm Allens Arthur
Robinson
“Australia’s business leaders …. see
skill shortages and global warming,
not overregulation and terrorism, as
the biggest threats to their
prosperity.”
PWC’s 2007 Global CEO survey.
Two companies that are leading
the way
•Westpac
•Dupont
Westpac
DuPont’s Public Commitment for
2010
•
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 65% versus
1990
•
Hold total energy use flat versus a 1990 baseline
•
Supply 10% of total energy needs from renewable
resources at a cost competitive with best available
fossil derived alternatives
Greenhouse Gas Emissions in
DuPont
• Most CO2 emissions come from energy use,
however CO2 is dwarfed by other GHG
emissions:
o
The manufacture of some refrigerants create HFC’s

o
1 pound of HFC-23 is equivalent to 11,700 pounds of CO2
The manufacture of adipic acid creates N2O

1 pound of N2O is equivalent to 310 pounds of CO2
1990 GHG Emissions (CO2
Equivalent)
Carbon Dioxide
Nitrous Oxide
HFC's, PFC's and CH4
18%
28%
54%
Reducing Non-CO2 GHG Emissions
To reduce GHG emissions by 65%, Dupont had
to change the way it made two profitable
products: Nylon and HFC’s
•
Developed advanced thermal destruction
technology for N2O
•
Co-developed a process to convert N2O to nitric
acid
•
Used Six Sigma methodology to improve HFC
process yields
•
Found markets for non-emissive uses of HFC-23
•
Building facilities to incinerate the remaining HFC23
Dupont met its GHG Goal 8 Years
Early
250
Billions of Pounds of CO2 Equivalent Emissions
Carbon Dioxide
Nitrous Oxide
HFC's, PFC's, CH4
200
Greenhouse Gas
Emissions have
been reduced by
65% since 1990.
150
100
50
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
Year
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
“What started as an effort to
address our carbon footprint
has turned out to be
financially a very good
thing.”
Linda Fisher, VP of Environment, Health and Safety, DuPont
Why reduce your businesses carbon
footprint?
Because its cost is being internalised
It will add value to your business
Staff and shareholders are demanding it
Customers will demand it
To live your values
For future generations
How do you rate?
An integrated approach to carbon
opportunities
1. Understand and Measure
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
2. Committment, Policy and
Objectives
• Could be developed during a half-day
workshop with senior management:
 Presentation
on current state of climate change;
 Identification
and assessment of major climate change
risks;
 Development
of a climate change policy linked with
targets;
 Agreement
on approach to executing emissions
reduction projects;
 Agreement
on approach to engaging employees and
stakeholders
Assessing Climate Change Risks
3. Reducing Emissions & 4.
Replacing
Voluntary emission reduction means
 Operational improvement
 Anticipating & influencing climate change regulations
 Accessing new sources of capital
 Improving risk management
 Elevating corporate reputation
 Identifying new market opportunities
 Enhanced human resource management
Hoffman, A. (2005) “Climate change strategy: The business logic behind y
greenhouse gas reductions,” California Management Review, Volume 47,
Number 3, Spring.
In one year
Victorian businesses saved
$38.2 million
by cutting 1.23 million tonnes of
greenhouse gases
“Business cannot succeed in a
society that fails.”
World Business Council for Sustainable Development
We we all need to do to stop the
projections from becoming reality
Reduce our own emissions
Switch to green power
Offset the rest
Spread the word
Reduce your emissions
Source of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
for a Typical Australian Household
Electricity
17%
Gas
3%
Waste
13%
Food
27%
Air Travel
20%
Vehicle
Travel
20%
Source of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
for a Typical Australian Household
Electricity
17%
Gas
3%
Waste
13%
Food
27%
Air Travel
20%
Vehicle
Travel
20%
Unit Emissions from Major Food
Types
30
25
gCO2/Kcal
20
15
10
5
0
Lamb
Beef
Pork
Fish
Eggs
Milk
Chicken
Vegetables
The Good News for Red Meat
Lovers
Kangaroo meat has very low levels of
greenhouse gases associated with its
production
• Kangaroos produce no
methane;
• No emissions
associated with raising
pasture and growing
food for Kangaroos
How to reduce your food emissions
•Eat less red meat
–
For each kilo of red meat you remove from your diet each week, you
will save approximately 1 tonne in annual emissions.
•Grow your own vegetables and fruits.
–
There are significant emissions associate with transportation and
packaging of fruit and vegetables. Whatever fruit and vegetables you
do buy, aim to buy locally – with minimal food miles.
•Eat less processed foods.
–
Processing inevitably means some form of electricity use and some
foods undergo multiple processes before they get to the table.
•Minimise packaging
–
Take along own reusable bags for fruit and vegetables, flour, nuts
etc.
Source of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
for a Typical Australian Household
Electricity
17%
Gas
3%
Waste
13%
Food
27%
Air Travel
20%
Vehicle
Travel
20%
How to reduce your vehicle travel
emissions
•Take the Bus
– The
average Perth commuter could save $7,000
per year!!!
– Enjoy the chauffeur driven ride to the city
•Ride your Bike or Walk
– Get
fit and help save the planet
•Buy a Lower Emission Vehicle
– Only
when it is time to replace your existing
vehicle
Buying a Low Emission Vehicle
1 Toyota Prius
2 Fiat Punto
3 Citroen C3
4 Holden Astra
5 Honda Civic
6 Mercedes-Benz A200
7 Mercedes-Benz B200
8 Toyota Corolla
9 Peugeot 207
10 Honda Civic Hybrid
Source:
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




http://www.greenvehicleguide.gov.au/
Source of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
for a Typical Australian Household
Electricity
17%
Gas
3%
Waste
13%
Food
27%
Air Travel
20%
Vehicle
Travel
20%
Household Electricity Consumption
for Typical Southwest WA Household
Sundry
Appliances
11%
Lighting
4%
Water Heating
32%
Cooking
12%
Refrigeration
16%
Heating and
Cooling
25%
Options for Reducing Water Heating
•Convert to solar hot water systems:
–
Traditional flat plate solar hot water systems with tank on
roof;
–
Flat plate solar hot water system with tank on ground;
–
Evacuated tube hot water system;
–
Heat pump hot water system;
•
Reduce time of showers to 4 minutes;
•
Install low-flow shower heads
Options for Reducing Heating and
Cooling
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Use of heavy drapes and pelmets;
Use of solar window films;
Use of double glazing;
Use of secondary glazing films;
Use of shade sails;
Use of shade trees and green belts around houses;
Use of whirligigs;
Removal of heat sources from within home (eg halogen
lights);
• Use of ceiling fans rather than air conditioners;
• Use of insulation;
• Use of light coloured roofing (painting a dark roof white
will reduce temperature by 3C);
Switch to
•Synergy offers two options for green power:
•“Natural Power”
•
–
Costs an extra 4.4c per unit for NaturalPower
–
For the average household means an extra 50c per day
–
Ensures 100% of your electricity comes from renewable
sources
“Easy Green”
–
Customers can sign up in $10 annual increments
•Switching to NaturalPower or Easy Green is easy
–
Call Synergy on 13 13 54
–
Go to their website http://www.synergyenergy.com.au
Offset the rest
www.carbonneutral.com.au
www.climatefriendly.com
Spread the word
Want to know more?
www.wardoffclimatechange.com.au
Want to know more?
Channel 31
7:15am Tuesdays
The world in front of us