Download Bonding Basics

Bonding Basics
Atoms like to bond with other
atoms
• What does that make?
• Molecules and compounds!
• Why is that important?
Examples of common
compounds: H2O, NaCl,
C6H12O6
Bonds?
• What is a bond?
Major kinds of bonds
• Covalent
• Ionic
• Hydrogen
Covalent Bonds
• A bond where atoms share
electrons
Ionic Bonds
• A bond where one
atom takes an electron
from another atom
• They bond because
they are attracted to
each other
• Opposites attract
• + and -
So what does all this have to
do with biology
• Bonding makes molecules
• Molecules make up cells and allow cells to
work
• Cells are the functional unit of life
Lets talk molecules examples
• What is a molecule again?
• Some common examples?
Macromolecules
• Some molecules are very big
• Made of lots of atoms!
Macromolecules
The 4 macromolecules of life
• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Lipids
• Nucleic Acids
What do you know?
Macromolecules are made of monomers
• Monomer- single unit
• Polymer- a chain of many single units
Carbohydrates
• Monomer:
Monosaccharide
• EX: Glucose
Carbohydrates
• Monosaccharides can
be linked together to
form disaccharides or
polysaccharides
• EX: Sucrose
Carbohydrates
• Polysaccharides
• Starch
• Glycogen
What are carbohydrates good
for?
• Energy storage!
What are carbohydrates good
for?
• Also used to build structure
• Plants, animals and fungi
Foods that have carbohydrates
Protein
• Monomer: Amino Acid
Protein
• Amino acids can be linked
together to form proteins
• Long chains that fold to form 3dimensional shapes
Protein
• Some proteins are made of multiple
chains connected together
What do proteins do?
• Used to build tissues and organs
• Muscles, skin, hair
• Used in chemical reactions of the cell and body
• Control cell growth, transport oxygen in the blood,
communicate from cell to cell, immune system,
Enzymes
Computer Survey
• Common sources of
carbohydrates
•
Which is the best source?
• Common sources of protein
•
Which is the best source?
Nucleic Acids
• What are they?
• EX: DNA and RNA
Nucleic Acids
• What do they do?
•
Store information in
cells
•
•
•
In a code!
Tells your cells how to
function
Used to transmit
information from
parents to offspring
Nucleic Acids
• Monomer: Nucleotide
Nucleic Acids
• There are 4
types of
nucleotides
found in DNA
Nucleic Acids
• Nucleotides link
to form a long
chain
• DNA is made of
2 long chains
bonded together
Nucleic Acids
• The sequence
of the
nucleotides
creates the
code
Lipids
• What are they?
• Fats and oils
• Non-polar: they
won’t dissolve in
water
Common Lipids
Lipids
• Do we need lipids?
• YES!
• Used for long term energy storage, insulation,
hormones and protective coatings
• Lipids hold more energy than carbohydrates!
Lipids
• Lipids are an essential part of cell
membranes
Lipids
• Just like
everything else,
too much of a
good thing is a
bad thing
Lipids
• Monomer: no true monomer\
• Polymers are made from glycerol with fatty acid tails
Partner activity
• What are the similarities between the 4
molecules?
• What are the differences?