Download Review #1 - Pearland ISD

Name ________________________________ Per. _____ Date ________________________
Cell Structure & Function Review KEY
1. What is the basic unit of structure and function of all living things?
a. THE CELL
2. List the 3 parts of the cell theory.
1-ALL LIVING THINGS ARE COMPOSED OF CELLS
2- CELLS ARE THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE (IN STRUCTURE AND
FUNCTION)
3- CELLS ARE MADE FROM THE REPRODUCTION OF CELLS (CELL
DIVISION)
3. Define homeostasis:
a. THE TENDENCY TO MOVE TOWARDS REACHING EQUILIBRIUM
4. What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
a. PROKARYOTES LACK THE FOLLOWING THINGS THAT
EUKARYOTES HAVE:
1- NUCLEUS
2- MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLE
b. PROKARYOTES ARE SMALLER IN SIZE
5. Of the following cell types, which are prokaryotic: bacteria, plant, animal, fungi?
6. T/F: All unicellular organisms are prokaryotic. FALSE
7. How are prokaryotes and eukaryotes alike?
a. PROKAROTES AND EUKARYOTES BOTH HAVE
1- DNA
2- CELL MEMBRANE
3- RIBOSOMES
8. Label the eukaryotic plant cell with the following: cell wall, vacuole, chloroplast,
nucleus, mitochondrion
CELL WALL
VACOULE
NUCLEUS
MITOCHONRION
CHLOROPLAST
9. List 3 ways plant and animal cells differ.
a. PLANT CELLS HAVE CELL WALLS
b. PLANT CELLS HAVE CHLOROPLAST
c. PLANT CELLS HAVE LARGER VACOULES
10. What are the functions of the cell (plasma) membrane?
1. REGULATION OF WHAT ENTERS AND EXITS THE CELL
2. PROTECTS THE CELL FROM THE OUTSIDE ENVIRONMENT
3. MARKERS ON MEMBRANE ARE USED FOR CELL RECOGNITION
11. Label the following parts of the cell
membrane with a letter below.
A
Phospholipids bilayer - C
D
Channel protein – E
(AKA TRANSPORT PROTEIN)
Fatty acid tails - B
Phosphate heads - A
C
Protein - D
E
B
12. What is a virus? How is it different from a cell?
IGNORE
13. What is the difference in diseases caused by a virus and those caused by bacteria?
IGNORE
14. Two examples of organisms adjusting at the cellular level to maintain homeostasis
are:
a. REGULATION OF WATER ENTERING AND LEAVING THE CELL
b. GETTING RID OF CELL WASTE FROM LYSOSOME
c. CREATING ENERGY IN MITOCHONDRIA
15. Write the function of each below:
a. Mitochondria – GENERATE CELLULAR ENERGY (ATP)
b. Endoplasmic Reticulum – RESPONSIBLE FOR CREATING CELL
PRODUCTS (LIKE PROTEINS [RER], LIPIDS [SER], CALCIUM
REGULATION [SER], ECT)
c. Cytoplasm – A JELLY-LIKE SUBSTANCE WITHIN THE CELL THAT
HOLDS ORGANELLES AND HOSTS CHEMICAL REACTIONS
d. Lysosome – BREAKS DOWN FOOD, BACTRIA, AND OLD CELL PARTS
e. Vacuole – FLUID FILLED SACK, USED FR STORAGE
f.
Ribosomes – RIBS -> MAKES PROTEINS
g. Chloroplasts – CONVERTS SUNLIGHT INTO FOOD (FOR PLANTS)
h. Nucleus – CONTROLS ALL CELL ACTIVITIES, CONTAINS DNA, &
CONTROLS CELL CHARACTERISTICS
16. What is the importance of the nucleus? What process occurs here?
a. CONTROLS ALL CELL ACTIVITIES, CONTAINS DNA, &
CONTROLS CELL CHARACTERISTICS.
b. THIS IS WHERE DNA REPLICATION OCCURS
17. Some molecules, but not others, are admitted through the cell membrane, not always
according to their size. A membrane of this nature is said to be SELECTIVELY
PERMEABLE (OR SEMI PERMEABLE)
18. Which type of molecular transport requires input of energy from the cell & moves
substances from a low concentration to a high concentration?
a. ACTIVE TRANSPORT
1- REQUIRES ENERGY
2- MOVES FROM LOW CONCENTRATION TO HIGH
(AGAINST THE GRADIENT)
19. Define diffusion: THE PROCESS BY WHICH MOLECULES SPREAD FROM
AREAS OF HIGH CONCENTRATION, TO AREAS OF LOW
CONCENTRATION
20. Define active transport: TRANSPORT ACROSS A MEMBRANE WHERE:
a. SUBSTANCES MOVE FROM [LOW][HIGH]
b. REQUIRES ENERGY INPUT
21. Define passive transport: TRANSPORT ACROSS A MEMBRANE WHERE:
a. SUBSTANCES MOVE FROM [HIGH][LOW]
b. NO ENERGY INPUT REQUIRED
22. What is osmosis? THE DIFFUSION OF WATER ACROSS A MEMBRANE
23. What is another name for “facilitated diffusion”?
24. What is a hypotonic solution?
A SOLUTION WITH A HIGHER CONCENTRATION
OF MOLECULES IN THE SOLUTION THAN THE CELL
25. What is a hypertonic solution?
A SOLUTION WITH A LOWER CONCENTRATION
OF MOLECULES IN THE SOLUTION THAN THE CELL
26. What is an isotonic solution?
A SOLUTION WITH AN EQUAL CONCENTRATION
OF MOLECULES IN THE SOLUTION AND THE CELL
27. In osmosis, water will move from the region of HIGH concentration to the region of
LOW concentration.
28. Define exocytosis:
a. A PROCESS WHERE MATERIALS ARE EXITED FROM THE CELL IN
VESICLES
29. Define endocytosis:
a. A PROCESS WHERE MATERIALS ARE ENTERING THE CELL IN
VESICLES
30. Define pinocytosis:
a. A PROCESS WHERE CELLS TAKE FLUID INTO THE CELL
31. ACTIVE transport uses ENERGY to move molecules AGAINST the
CONCENTRATION gradient. (MOVES FROM LOW TO HIGH)
32. Complete the analogies with the proper organelles.
1. VACOULE : a cell :: water tower : city
2. MITOCHONDRIA : a cell :: power plant : city
3. NUCLEUS : a cell :: mayor : city
4. LYSOSOME : a cell :: garbage disposal : sink