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BIOS 205 Test 3 April 9, 2012 Form A 1. In today’s biology, DNA is the heredity molecules. However, during early evolution of life cell, the first macromolecule that determined heredity was: a) proteins b) carbohydrates c) RNA d) DNA 2. Which of the following is NOT a domain in the three-domain system for classifying living organisms? a) Animalia; b) Bacteria; c) Archaea; d) Eukarya The following scientists made significant contributions to microbiology in history, match their contributions in the following question 3-7 a) van Leeuwenhoek; b) Pasteur; c) Koch; d) Jenner; e) Fleming 3. Who first observed the microbes using a simple microscope 4. Who experimentally proved the biogenesis theory 5. Who discovered the first antibiotic 6. Who proved Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax 7. Who discovered the cowpox virus can be used as a vaccine for smallpox. 8. In the four growth phases of a normal bacterial growth curve, which one has the most rapid increase of cell numbers? a) Lag phase; b) Log phase; c) Stationary phase; d) Decline phase 9. In the lag phase of a normal bacterial growth curve, bacteria are metabolically active without significant change of cell number a) True; b) False 10. Which of the following temperature will most likely kill a mesophile? a) 40C; b)600C; c) 370C 11. a) b) c) d) Which of the following is NOT a distinguishing characteristic of prokaryotic cells? Their DNA is enclosed within a nucleus membrane They lack membrane-enclosed organelles They have cell walls containing peptidoglycan None of the above Match the best answer to the following statements (questions 12-14): a) thermophile; b) psychrophile; c) halophile; 12. General term used for bacteria capable of growth at 00C 13. Bacteria that grow in high salt concentration 14. Members of archea with an optimal growth temperature of 800C or higher. 15. Which of the following is NOT true about a gram positive cell wall? a) It maintains the cell shape b) It is sensitive to lysozyme c) It protects the cell in the hypertonic environment (high salt solution for example) d) It contains the teichoic acids. 16. Which of the following is NOT true about gram-negative cell walls? a) They protect cells in a hypotonic environment b) They have an extra out layer composed of lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharides and phospholipids c) They are toxic to humans due to the lipid A d) They have a thick peptidoglycan and very sensitive to penicillin 17. Where are phospholipids found in a prokaryotic cell? a) Flagella b) Plasma membrane c) Ribosome d) All above 18. Which of the following is not true of prokaryotic cells? a) They have a semirigid cell wall. b) They are motile by means of flagella. c) They posess 80S ribosomes. d) They reproduce by binary fission. Based on the following, answer questions 19 to 23 a) obligate aerobe b) obligate anaerobe c) facultative anaerobe d) aerotolerant anaerobe e) microaerophile 19. Killed by the presence of oxygen 20. Will not grow without oxygen 21. The organism will grow aerobically using oxygen or anaerobically 22. Requires oxygen at a reduced level 23. The organism grows fermentatively, without using O2 (indifferent) aerobically and anaerobically 24. The term peptidoglycan layer is another name for: a) outer membrane b) cell membrane c) cell wall d) ribosomal protein e) none of the above 25. Which of the following statements is NOT true? a) Virus contains DNA or RNA b) The nucleic acid of a virus is surrounded by a protein coat. c) Viruses multiply inside living cells using viral ribosomes, mRNA, and tRNA. 26. Viruses are different from bacteria because viruses are not composed of cells, a) True; b) False. 27. Which of the following is NOT true about viruses? a) Virus contains DNA or RNA but never both b) Virus contains a protein coat c) Virus uses the anabolic machinery of infected cells for viral replication d) None of the above 28. HIV is a “life-long” disease (hard to cure) because a retrovirus has the capability to integrate its viral DNA into the host cell chromosome and replicate together with the host chromosome. a) True; b) False 29. Virus is NOT sensitive to antibiotics and the viral diseases are hard to cure by antibiotics a) True; b) False 30. Which of the following is NOT a method of culturing virus? a) In lab media b) In embryonated eggs c) In cell culture 31. Many organisms are haploid. This means that they: a) are small compared to other organisms b) reproduce asexually c) have only 1 copy of each chromosome d) move using flagella e) use photosynthesis to get their food 32. A monophyletic group consists of: a) only extinct organisms derived from a common ancestor b) all organisms that share a common characteristic such as wings c) several different common ancestors and all of their descendants d) a common ancestor and all of its descendants e) a common ancestor and some of its descendants 33. The group that is descended from earliest members of a clade to diverge from the main group is called a: a) fossil group b) primitive group c) basal group d) derived group e) monophyletic group 34. Which of these is an example of convergent evolution: a) the bones in a bat’s wing are similar to the bones in the human hand b) snakes have no legs despite having ancestors with legs c) photosynthesis is found in plants and in many protists d) oomycetes (which are protists) and fungi have a similar pattern of growth and feeding e) birds and some dinosaurs had feathers 35. Which of these features defines a eukaryote: a) cell division by mitosis b) DNA in a membrane-bound nucleus c) sexual reproduction using meiosis d) mitochondria (or evidence that mitochondria were once present) e) presence of a cytoskeleton 36. The process of going from diploid to haploid is called: a) mitosis b) meiosis c) fertilization d) pollination e) flagellation 37. Secondary endosymbiosis involves: a) a eukaryote swallowing a prokaryote b) a prokaryote swallowing a eukaryote c) a eukaryote swallowing another eukaryote d) a prokaryote swallowing another prokaryote e) secondary endosymbiosis does not happen 38. Which of these statements about protists is true: a) protists are a monophyletic group b) protists are all unicellular c) protists all contain plastids d) protists all have flagella e) protists are eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi 39. An autotroph is an organism that: a) moves under its own power b) has no means of locomotion c) gets its energy from light d) gets its energy from organic molecules e) gets energy both from sunlight and from organic molecules 40. Organisms that reproduce asexually: a) have only 1 parent that is genetically identical to the offspring; b) have 2 parents that are genetically identical to the offspring; c) have only 1 parent that is genetically different from the offspring; d) have 2 parents that are genetically different from the offspring; e) have multiple parents 41. Which occurred first, the origin of the plastid or the origin of the mitochondria? a) plastid b) mitochondria c) both occurred at the same time d) it depends on which group of organisms is being discussed e) neither 42. The most basal group in the eukaryotes is thought to be: a) Archaeplastida b) Unikonts c) Rhizarians d) Chromalveolates e) Excavata 43. A group that probably originated from the secondary endosymbiosis of a red alga is: a) Archaeplastida b) Unikonts c) Rhizarians d) Chromalveolates e) Excavata 44. The malaria parasite, Plasmodium, is a member of which of these groups: a) parabasalids b) dinoflagellates c) oomycetes d) nucleariids e) apicomplexans 45. The stramenopiles are characterized by: a) excavated feeding groove in their body b) reduced or non-existent mitochondria c) protective shells d) plastids derived from primary endosymbiosis e) a hairy flagellum that pulls them through the water 46. The group of protists that are all multicellular is: a) green algae b) brown algae c) rhizarians d) ciliates e) kinetoplasts 47. Epigenetic inheritance means: a) traits are inherited through the DNA nucleotide sequence b) traits are inherited without affecting the DNA sequence c) traits are inherited directly from grandparent to grandchild, skipping a generation d) traits are induced by environmental conditions and not inherited e) traits are inherited through endosymbiosis 48. The group that is thought to be ancestral to the animal kingdom is: a) diplomonads b) diatoms c) apicomplexans d) foraminiferans e) choanoflagellates 49. When do diatoms undergo meiosis: a) never: all reproduction is asexual b) during a yearly mating season c) when their shell gets too small d) when they parasitize an animal host e) when nutrients become limiting 50. The Irish potato famine was caused by Phytophthora, a member of which group: a) foraminiferans b) radiolarians c) ciliates d) oomycetes e) diplomonads