Download Bio 101 Sample questions: Chapter 10 1. Which of the following is

Bio 101 Sample questions: Chapter 10
1. Which of the following is NOT needed for DNA replication?
A. nucleotides
B. ribosomes
C. Enzymes (like polymerases)
D. DNA
E. all of the above are needed
2 The information carried by a DNA molecule is in _____.
A. the RNA units that make up the molecule
B. the sugars and phosphates forming its backbone
C. the total number of nucleotides it contains
D. its amino acid sequence
E. the order of the nucleotides in the molecule
3 How does RNA polymerase know where to start transcribing a gene into mRNA?
A. It looks for a terminator sequence.
B. Transfer RNA acts to translate the message to RNA polymerase.
C. The ribosome directs it to the correct portion of the DNA molecule.
D. It starts at one end of the chromosome.
E. It starts at a certain nucleotide sequence of the DNA called a promoter.
4 After an RNA molecule is transcribed from a eukaryotic gene, portions called ____ are
removed and the remaining ____ are spliced together to produce an mRNA molecule
with a continuous coding sequence.
A. exons ... introns
B. caps ... tails
C. introns ... exons
D. promoters ... terminators
E. codons ... anticodons
5 Which one of the following is true of tRNAs?
A. There are four types of tRNA.
B. tRNAs carry special sequences known as codons.
C. tRNAs are extremely small molecules.
D. Each tRNA binds a particular amino acid.
E. All of the above.
6 Which of the following processes occurs in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell?
A. translation and transcription
B. DNA replication
C. transcription
D. translation
E. DNA replication and translation
7 The flow of information in a cell proceeds _____.
A. from DNA to RNA to protein
B. from RNA to protein to DNA
C. from DNA to protein to RNA
D. from RNA to DNA to protein
E. from protein to RNA to DNA
8 A mutagen immediately causes _____.
A. blockage of the ribosome-binding sites
B. a change in the base sequence of DNA
C. a reduction in the number of tRNA molecules available for protein synthesis
D. decreased permeability of the nuclear envelope
E. problems with mitosis
9 A gene is usually _____.
A. the same thing as a chromosome
B. made of protein
C. the information for making a polypeptide ( a protein)
D. made by a ribosome
E. made of RNA
10. Which one of the following is NOT associated with RNA?
A. uracil
B. thymine
C. a sugar
D. phosphates
E. single-strandedness
11 When messenger RNA (mRNA) is being made, the RNA base ____ always pairs with
the base _____ in DNA.
A. T ... G
B. U ... T
C. A ... U
D. U ... A
E. T ... A
12 The DNA code is CGT. What messenger RNA is made from this?
A. CTA
B. TCU
C. ATU
D. UCG
E. GCA
13 Information is transferred from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells in the
form of _____.
A. lipids
B. sterols
C. carbohydrates
D. nucleic acids
E. proteins
14 The number of nucleotide bases "read" together on the mRNA to designate each
amino acid is __________; this unit is called a __________.
A. 2 ... anticodon
B. 1 ... amino acid
C. 3 ... triose
D. 2 ... dipeptide
E. 3... codon
15 Which one of the following statements is true?
A. Each triplet has many different meanings.
B. Each gene codes for three proteins.
C. Each DNA base codes for three amino acids.
D. Each amino acid in a protein is coded for by three bases in the DNA.
E. It takes three genes to code for one protein.
16 What is the proper order of the following events in the expression of a eukaryotic
gene?
1. translation
2. RNA processing
3. transcription
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
2, 3, 1
1, 2, 3
2, 3, 1
3, 2, 1
1, 2, 3
17 Which one of the following catalyzes the linkage between nucleotides to form RNA?
A. tRNA
B. RNA ligase
C. RNA
D. RNA polymerase
E. reverse transcriptase
18 A cell biologist found that two different proteins with largely different structures were
translated from two different mRNAs. These mRNAs, however, were transcribed from
the same gene in the cell nucleus. Which mechanism below could best account for this?
A. The gene could be transcribed in different directions.
B. A mutation might have altered the gene.
C. Exons from the same gene could be spliced in different ways to make different
mRNAs.
D. The two proteins have different functions in the cell.
E. Different systems of DNA unpacking could result in two different mRNAs.
19 Which one of the following statements correctly describes mRNA processing in
eukaryotes?
A. Introns are cut out and are then spliced together at the end of the mRNA.
B. Introns are cut out and transported to the ribosomes.
C. Exons are cut out and transported to smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
D. Exons are cut out and the introns are spliced together.
E. Introns are cut out and the resulting exons are spliced together.
20. In a eukaryotic cell, transcription takes place _____.
A. on free ribosomes
B. on the cell membrane
C. in the cytoplasm
D. in the nucleus
E. in the rough endoplasmic reticulum
21 During translation in a eukaryotic cell _____.
A. polypeptides are synthesized at ribosomes, according to instructions carried by
mRNA
B. French cells are able to speak to German cells
C. tRNA carries amino acid molecules to the nucleus, where they are added to a
growing polypeptide chain
D. ribosomes move into the nucleus
E. mRNA is synthesized by the bonding of free nucleotides to the bases on the
template strand of DNA
22 During the process of translation, ____ matches an mRNA codon with the proper
amino acid.
A. messenger RNA
B. DNA polymerase
C. ATP
D. transfer RNA
E. a ribosome
23 How do retroviruses such as HIV differ from other viruses?
A. They contain nucleic acids that code for proteins.
B. They can reproduce only inside living cells.
C. They contain DNA that is used as a template to make RNA.
D. They contain the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
E. They have much simpler reproductive cycles than other RNA viruses
Set 2
Sample Questions, Chapter 12 (and viruses, too)
1) A virus that has RNA as its genetic material can use ______ to convert information
stored in RNA to information stored in DNA.
A) reverse transcriptase
B) DNA ligase
C) a restriction enzyme
D) a terminator enzyme
E) RNA polymerase
2) Restriction enzymes are obtained from ______.
A) retroviruses
B) eukaryotes
C) DNA viruses
D) bacteria
E) archaea
3) Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments on the basis of differences in their
______.
A) G:C ratio B) A:C ratio C) A:G ratio D) G:T ratio E) length
4A) Approximately what percentage of the human genome consists of noncoding DNA?
A) 70%
B) 80%
C) 98%
D) 50%
E) 60%
4B) In recombinant DNA experiments, ______ is used to cut pieces of DNA and ______
joins the resulting fragments to form recombinant DNA.
A. a restriction enzyme ... DNA ligase
B. a reverse transcriptase ... a restriction enzyme
C. a plasmid ... DNA ligase
D. DNA ligase ... a restriction enzyme
E. a reverse transcriptase ... a plasmid
5) Which enzyme is used to "paste" DNA fragments together?
A. DNA ligase
B. DNA polymerase
C. restriction enzyme
D. transformation enzyme
E. nuclease enzyme
6) An enzyme that "cuts" DNA at a specific sequence of bases is called _____.
A.
reverse transcriptase
B.
restriction enzyme
C.
RNA
D.
palindrome
E.
ligase
7) An enzyme that makes DNA from an RNA template is called ____________.
A.
reverse transcriptase
B.
a restriction enzyme
C.
cDNA
D.
a recognition sequence
E.
ligase
8) Electrophoresis is used to _____.
A.
separate fragments of DNA
B.
clone genes
C.
cut DNA into fragments
D.
match a gene with its function
E.
amplify small DNA samples to obtain enough for analysis
9)The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a useful technique because it can _____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
identify genetic markers for diseases
make a large amount of DNA from a tiny amount
directly establish paternity (identify the father of an individual)
isolate particular genes of interest
manufacture large amounts of a protein
10) DNA fingerprints used as evidence in a murder trial look something like supermarket
bar codes. The pattern of bars in a DNA fingerprint shows _____.
A.
the exact order of all of the bases in a particular gene
B.
the presence of various-size fragments of DNA
C.
the presence of dominant or recessive alleles for particular traits
D.
the order of genes along particular chromosomes
E.
the presence of viruses in the blood
11) In an experiment similar to the one done in lab, which of these pairs would have
exactly the same DNA fragments?
A.
identical twins
B.
father and son
C.
mother and son
D.
husband and wife
E.
fraternal twins
12) Much of genetic engineering uses plasmids, which are _____.
A. repeating sequences that protect DNA from digestion when it is inserted
into a foreign cell
B. small circles of DNA found in bacteria
C. segments of RNA that must be attached to DNA before the DNA can
replicate
D. ends of cut DNA molecules that are "sticky" because they have unpaired
base sequences
E. infectious proteins
13. Electrophoresis is used to _____.
A. separate fragments of DNA
B. clone genes
C. cut DNA into fragments
D. match a gene with its function
E. amplify small DNA samples to obtain enough for analysis
14. Putting a human gene into the plasmids of bacteria has enabled scientists to _____.
A. insert the corrected gene into patients who have certain genetic disorders
B. use these bacteria to mass-produce mRNA for certain genes
C. match DNA found at a crime scene to a suspect's DNA
D. identify carriers of genetic diseases
E. use bacteria as "factories" for protein products such as insulin
Answers SET 1:
1. b
2. e
3. e
4. c
5. d
6. d
7. a
8. b
9. c
10. b
11. d
12. e
13. d
14. e
15. d
16. d
17. d
18. c
19. e
20. d
21. a
22. d
23. d
Answers to SET 2
1) A
2) D
3) E
4A) C
4B) A
5) A
6) B
7) A
8) A
9) B
10) B
11) A
12) B
13) A
14) E