Download Assignment 8

Carl Christensen, PhD
Chap. 17 - Senses
Bio. 2304 Human Anatomy
1. Give an example of something a general sensory receptor would detect.
2. Classification of Sensory Receptors
a. mechanoreceptors
b. thermoreceptors
c. photoreceptors
d. chemoreceptors
e. nociceptors
pain receptors
retina
respond to chemicals in a solution
sensitive to heat
sensitive to touch, pressure, vibration, stretch
receptors associated with vision
extreme cold
olfactory epithelium
taste buds
organ of Corti
vestibule & semicircular canals
Pacinian corpuscles
Meissner’s corpuscles
extreme pressure
muscle spindle & golgi tendon organ
3. Classification of Sensory Receptors
a. exteroceptors
b. enteroceptors
c. proprioceptors
located in skeletal muscles, tendons, joints, ligaments
vestibule and semicircular canals
respond to stimuli outside the body
retina
respond to stimuli arising within the body
taste buds
found in viscera and walls of blood vessels
olfactory epithelium
organ of Corti
4. Classification of Sensory Receptors
a. simple
b. complex
retina
Pacinian corpuscle
Meissner’s corpuscle
olfactory epithelium
taste buds
organ of Corti
vestibule & semicircular canals
golgi tendon organ/muscle spindle
nociceptors
taste receptors
thermoreceptors
root hair plexuses
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5. List the 5 special senses.
6. What part of the eye is the nervous layer and functions in image formation?
7. Name the two types of photoreceptors found in the retina. Give a function for each.
8. Rods and cones in the eye contain pigments that contain retinal, a derivative of what vitamin?
9. What eye structure focuses light waves?
10. What structure changes the shape of the lens?
11. What structure changes the shape of the pupil?
How does it do this?
Why does it do this?
12. What is the function of the choroid layer?
13. What part of the choroid is responsible for night vision in animals?
14. Why is the optic disc called the blind spot?
15. What is the function of the lacrimal gland?
16. Eye Disorders
a. emmetropia
b. hyperopia
c. myopia
d. presbyopia
e. astigmatism
f. cataracts
g. glaucoma
h. color blindness
lens becomes clouded
congenital lack of one or more cone types
nearsightedness
farsightedness
eye is too long or lens is too strong
eye is too short or lens is too weak
correct with a concave lens
correct with a convex lens
correct with a diverging lens
correct with a converging lens
normal vision
old people’s vision
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irregularly shaped cornea or lens
drainage of aqueous humor blocked; introocular pressure increases; causes damage to retina
and optic nerve
.
17. The optic nerve converge to form an "X" called the
18. Within the chiasma which fibers cross over to the opposite sides of the brain?
a. those from the medial retina
b. those from the lateral retina
19. The left cerebral hemisphere interprets what images?
a. right medial retina b. left medial retina c. right lateral retina
d. left lateral retina
20. The right cerebral hemisphere interprets what images?
a. right medial retina b. left medial retina c. right lateral retina
d. left lateral retina
lobe.
21. Optic tracts pass to the thalamus, which relays information to the cerebral cortex of the
22. What kind of vision would one experience if there was a tumor applying pressure to the optic chiasma?
23. The tympanic membrane in the ear is more commonly called the
24. The smallest bones in the body are the
.
.
25. What part of the internal ear functions in audition? (its shape resembles a snail shell)
26. Name the 3 canals in the cochlea.
Which canal is considered membranous labyrinth? Which bony labyrinth?
What fluid is found in each of the 3 canals?
27. What part of the cochlea is directly responsible for detecting sound waves and generating a nerve impulse?
28. What nerve is associated with audition and equilibrium? (name & number)
29. Where do high frequency sound waves strike the vestibular membrane in the cochlea?
Low frequency?
Why is there a difference?
How are differences in intensity detected?
30. What structure is responsible for absorbing excess waves entering the scala tympani?
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31. What is the function of the eustachian tube?
If you are at high altitude and your ears are popping what should you do and why?
nerve. This nerve joins the
32. The neurons from the organ of corti form the
). Impulses travel to the pons and then to the
nerve to form the vestibulocochlear nerve (nerve #
of the midbrain, which functions auditory
.
33. The thalamus relays auditory impulses to the cerebral cortex of the
lobe.
34. Name the 2 types of equilibrium. Define each. Also id. the part of the inner ear that is responsible for each
type of equilibrium.
35. What is the sensory receptor for taste?
36. Describe the sensory receptor for taste.
37. What are the 4 primary taste sensations?
38. Name the 3 cranial nerves that carry gustatory nerve impulses.
39. Gustatory nerve impulses travel to the medulla oblongata and then to the hypothalamus and amygdala to
activate what autonomic reflexes?
What part of the brain relays gustatory nerve impulses to the cerebral cortex?
40. Describe the sensory receptor for smell.
41. What 2 properties must a chemical possess in order for it to be smelled?
42. Axons of olfactory neurons travel through the
synapse with neurons in the olfactory
of the ethmoid bone and
.
43. Olfactory tracts travel to the hypothalamus and temporal lobe, part of the limbic system. What kinds of
emotional and reflex reactions can result?
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44. What is the only special sense that can reach the cerebral cortex before first passing through the thalamus?
45. What is the function of cortex feedback to the olfactory bulbs?
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