Download CELLS LESSON

CELLS LESSON
Enduring Understanding: Cells have
distinct and separate organelles which
perform all the life functions for their
survival.
Cell Major Understandings
• Explain how cells are designed to perform specific
jobs.
• Given a diagram of a cell identify and describe
the function of the given organelles.
• List and compare how structures present in some
single celled organisms act in a manner similar to
tissues and systems found in multicellular
organisms.
• How an organism functions at the cellular level to
maintain homeostasis.
COMMON CELL TRAITS
• A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of
performing life functions.
COMPARING CELLS
• The size & shape of a
cell relates to its
function. (job it does)
CELL WALL
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protects the cell
gives shape
is made of cellulose
A cell wall is found in plants, algae, fungi, &
most bacteria.
CELL MEMBRANE
• Outer covering, protective layer
around ALL cells
• For cells with cell walls,the cell
membrane is inside the cell wall
• Allows food, oxygen, & water into
the cell & waste products out of
the cell.
• Regulates what enters and leaves
the cell.
CYTOPLASM
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gelatin-like inside cell membrane
constantly flows (cyclosis)
aka protoplasm
Site where most chemical reactions take
take place
NUCLEUS
• Directs all cell activities
• Contains instructions for
everything the cell does
• These instructions are
found on a hereditary
material called DNA
• Usually the largest
organelle
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
• separates nucleus from
cytoplasm
• controls movement of
materials in & out of
nucleus
NUCLEOLUS
• Aka “little nucleus”
• Found in the nucleus
• Makes the ribosomes
CHROMATIN
• contains genetic code that controls cell
• made of DNA & proteins
RIBOSOMES
• Make proteins
• Site of protein synthesis
• Float freely or attached to the
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
• Ribosomes are made in the
nucleolus
CHLOROPLASTS
• Green organelles that make
food (sugar)
• found only in plant cells
CHLOROPHYLL
• A green pigment that gives
leaves & stems their color
• Captures sunlight energy
that is used to produce food
called glucose
• Glucose is a type of sugar
MITOCHONDRIA
• Organelles that release
energy from food
(respiration)
• This energy is released by
breaking down food into
carbon dioxide
• AKA the powerhouse b/c they
release energy from food
• Some muscle cells have
20,000 mitochondria
VACUOLES
• Temporary storage
spaces
• Store food, water, waste
FROM CELL TO ORGANISM
Cell
The basic unit of life
Tissue
Group of cells working together
Organ
Group of tissues working together
Organ System
Group of organs working together
Organism
Any living thing made of 1 or more cells
1- Nucleus
2- Chromosomes
3- Mitochondria
4- Ribosomes
5- Chloroplasts
6- Vacuoles
7- ER
8- Cell
Membrane