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Exam 2 Study Guide Wednesday 3/12 (Date has changed) Before spring break Chapter 4 Developmental Developmental psychologists and what they study Prenatal development—stages of; teratogens Competent newborn Infancy/Childhood—brain development; maturation and motor development Cognitive development—Piaget and 4 stages of cognitive development—basic info Social development—Harlow’s theory, describe attachment theory and types of attachment, temperament and attachment Deprivation of attachment Erikson stages of psychosocial development trust; identity and intimacy Child rearing styles-Baumrind research Adolescence—Biological dev and puberty, Identity, peers and parents Adulthood—physical development; Erikson stage Summary of current views on Nature/Nurture, Continuity versus stages and Stability versus change in lifelong development. Chapter 7: Learning Define learning, Classical conditioning, be able to describe the basic components of classical conditioning and these terms: Acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, and discrimination. The importance of cognitive processes and biological predispositions in classical conditioning. Operant conditioning, and shaping Identify the different types of reinforcers (will NOT need to know the major schedules of partial reinforcement. How punishment and negative reinforcement differ, and drawbacks of punishment as a behaviorcontrol technique. The importance of cognitive processes and biological predispositions in operant conditioning. Identify the major similarities and differences between classical and operant conditioning. Observational learning, and Bandura’s findings on what determines whether we will imitate a model. Prosocial modeling and relationship between watching violent TV and antisocial behavior. Chapter 9 Thinking, Language and Intelligence Thinking: concepts and prototypes Solving problems: algorithm, heuristics and insight Obstacles to problem solving Making decisions and forming judgments Confirmation bias Mental set and fixation Availability heuristic Representativeness heuristic Overconfidence Framing Belief perseverance Intuition Chapter 10 Motivation Motivational concepts Theories of motivation Instincts Drive & Incentive Optimum Arousal Maslow hierarchy of motives. Hunger Psychology of hunger Obesity and weight control Social effects, physiology Losing weight Need to belong adaptive value of social attachments social networking achievement motivation Define Emotion & the components of emotion Basic emotions Physiology of emotions Expressed emotion Detecting emotion Gender emotion and nonverbal behavior Culture and emotional expression Effects of facial expressions