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NIH Public Access Emotional dysregulation and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Author Manuscript
NIH Public Access Emotional dysregulation and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Author Manuscript

... emotion regulation: orienting to emotionally salient stimuli and the evaluation of signals for reward. In order for emotion to be regulated, posterior attention systems must both detect salient stimuli and signal that control is needed (77, 79). Evidence suggests anomalies in early orienting to emot ...
Guilt for Non
Guilt for Non

... In shame "we feel struck by the loss to our self-esteem and our inability to carry out our aims: we sense the diminishment of self from our anxiety about the lesser respect that others may have for us and from our disappointment with ourself for failing to live up to our ideals." A single wrongdoing ...
Full-Text PDF
Full-Text PDF

... implicit level and another on an explicit level [28–32]. Whereas the cerebellum has been associated with information processing on an implicit level in other functional domains [33–35], it has been described as being involved in the implicit and explicit components of the emotional domain [36,37]. I ...
From Neuro-Psychoanalysis to Cognitive and Affective Automation Systems
From Neuro-Psychoanalysis to Cognitive and Affective Automation Systems

... The number of sensor values automation systems have to deal with per time unit will increase dramatically in the not so distant future. Moreover, there is also the demand for systems that can act in highly dynamic, complex, and uncertain environments. Traditional, rule-based models mainly used in th ...
Wager, T. D., Kang, J., Johnson, T. D., Nichols, T. E., Satpute, A. B.
Wager, T. D., Kang, J., Johnson, T. D., Nichols, T. E., Satpute, A. B.

Development of emotional facial recognition in late
Development of emotional facial recognition in late

... sharply from adolescents to adults. The results provide evidence for late developmental changes in emotional expression recognition with some specificity in the time course for distinct emotions. ...
A reinforcement learning model of joy, distress, hope and fear.
A reinforcement learning model of joy, distress, hope and fear.

... between the agent and its environment can be used to optimize search behavior of an adaptive agent (Broekens, 2007; Broekens et al., 2007; Hogewoning et al., 2007; Schweighofer & Doya, 2003) by manipulating the amount of randomness in the action selection process. Other studies show that affective s ...


... salience of the interactors (Inderbitzin et al., 2009, submitted). The established psychological concept of the ’vividness effect’ (Frijda, 1988) states that a more salient stimulus construct induces altered cognitive and behavioral responses. Based on our findings we propose that this is a general ...
The role of the medial frontal cortex in the
The role of the medial frontal cortex in the

... stimuli more generally. Waugh and Gotlib found that participants maintained their emotional facial expressions during the delay period between pictures on maintenance trials and that this activity predicted which of the two pictures evoked a more intense emotional response. This finding advanced ‘em ...
The role of the medial frontal cortex in the maintenance of emotional
The role of the medial frontal cortex in the maintenance of emotional

... stimuli more generally. Waugh and Gotlib found that participants maintained their emotional facial expressions during the delay period between pictures on maintenance trials and that this activity predicted which of the two pictures evoked a more intense emotional response. This finding advanced ‘em ...
Role of right pregenual anterior cingulate cortex in self
Role of right pregenual anterior cingulate cortex in self

... assessment of emotional functioning that assesses a number of aspects of emotional reactivity, regulation and empathy (Levenson et al., 2008). For this study, data were used from two tasks that tested emotional reactivity in response to dynamic visual stimuli. Karaoke task. Self-conscious emotional ...
Emotions as Response Patterns
Emotions as Response Patterns

... Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved ...
Prefrontal Cortex, Emotion, and Approach/Withdrawal Motivation
Prefrontal Cortex, Emotion, and Approach/Withdrawal Motivation

... 1997a). In addition, research has consistently found an association between reduced right parietal activity and depression (especially with anxiety partialled out; e.g., Bruder et al., 1997; Flor-Henry, 1979; Keller et al., 2000; Uytdenhoef et al., 1983; for review, see Levin et al., 2007) and betwe ...
5655.full - Journal of Neuroscience
5655.full - Journal of Neuroscience

... Each trial was initiated by the participant via a button press, and the sequence of events in each trial was as follows: blank screen (1 s), fixation cross (2 s), fractal (1.5 s), emotional stimulus (3 s), and fractal again (1.5 s). The same fractal was shown twice in a trial, once before the emotio ...
50 Emotional States and Feelings
50 Emotional States and Feelings

... acted as a whole, almost in an all-or-none way, independent of the specific emotionally significant stimuli that elicited it. He therefore proposed that the physiological responses to emotionally significant stimuli are too undifferentiated to convey to the cortex specific, detailed information abou ...
What Are Emotional States, and Why Do We
What Are Emotional States, and Why Do We

...   Selecting between available rewards with their associated costs, and avoiding punishers with their associated costs, is a process that can take place both implicitly (unconsciously) and explicitly using a language system to enable long-term plans to be made (Rolls, 2005b, 2008b). These many diffe ...
Emotion Dysregulation
Emotion Dysregulation

... points are worth noting. One key element is that emotion regulation is not one function, but more likely involves a set of processes or systems (e.g., attentional, cognitive, behavioral, social, biological). Second, these processes act to modulate, manage, or organize emotions to help individuals me ...
Abstract Book Brain Circuits for Positive Emotions
Abstract Book Brain Circuits for Positive Emotions

... Can happiness or its pursuit harm you? Recent discussion of happiness often seems to ignore this possibility. Perhaps the best-known example of this possibility outside philosophy is one from economics: inability to defer gratification or present happiness will make you worse off. But many other cas ...
the neurobiology of emotion
the neurobiology of emotion

... positive emotions of desire and happiness. However, after a nasty breakup, the same person could easily elicit emotions of anxiety, tension, and anger. This second example illustrates two important points. First, the sensory or perceptual analysis of the person is the same (i.e., this is Bob). The p ...
CHAPTER6 - Blackwell Publishing
CHAPTER6 - Blackwell Publishing

... The Amygdala and Unconscious Emotional Processing. This is a peanutsized object in the midbrain; it is very small. Joe LeDoux has done groundbreaking work; the central part of this article is that the findings he cites suggest that there is an unconscious affective appraisal system that reads the em ...
Click here to get the file
Click here to get the file

... Emotion refers to a relatively brief episode of synchronized responses (which can include bodily responses, facial expression, and subjective evaluation) that indicate the evaluation of an internal or external event as significant. Emotion refers to the range of reactions to events that are limited ...
Temporal and spatial neural dynamics in the perception of basic
Temporal and spatial neural dynamics in the perception of basic

... (e.g. household objects, landscapes). The broad range of stimulus types adds an important dimension of ecological validity, as the same valence or emotion can be induced at times by pictures displaying facial or bodily expressions, or complex events and landscape, therefore extending generalizabilit ...
Extended Definition of Anger
Extended Definition of Anger

... Anger is engendered by some sort of stimulus, usually in the present but possibly recalled from memory. It is normally a conscious feeling accompanied by physical discomfort and tension, and may be outwardly expressed by glaring, gritting of teeth, clenching of the fists, or even quaking of the bod ...
Theories to know
Theories to know

...  Role of Automatic (Sympathetic& Parasympathetic nervous system) in emotions: page 506  Emotional & physical reaction happens before cognition  Levels of consciousness in emotion  Two dimensions of emotion: Attempt to make subjectiveness of emotions more objective  Polygraph: what it is and mea ...
Attention
Attention

... – Amygdala is specialized in processing emotion – Amygdala also influences cognitive processes and is influenced by cognitive processes ...
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Emotion

Emotion is, in everyday speech, a person's state of feeling in the sense of an affect. Scientific discourse has drifted to other meanings and there is no consensus on a definition. Emotion is often intertwined with mood, temperament, personality, disposition, and motivation. On some theories, cognition is an important aspect of emotion. Those acting primarily on emotion may seem as if they are not thinking, but mental processes are still essential, particularly in the interpretation of events. For example, the realization of danger and subsequent arousal of the nervous system (e.g. rapid heartbeat and breathing, sweating, muscle tension) is integral to the experience of fear. Other theories, however, claim that emotion is separate from and can precede cognition.Emotions are complex. According to some theories, they are a state of feeling that results in physical and psychological changes that influence our behavior. The physiology of emotion is closely linked to arousal of the nervous system with various states and strengths of arousal relating, apparently, to particular emotions. Emotion is also linked to behavioral tendency. Extroverted people are more likely to be social and express their emotions, while introverted people are more likely to be more socially withdrawn and conceal their emotions. Emotion is often the driving force behind motivation, positive or negative. An alternative definition of emotion is a ""positive or negative experience that is associated with a particular pattern of physiological activity."" According to other theories, emotions are not causal forces but simply syndromes of components, which might include motivation, feeling, behavior, and physiological changes, but no one of these components is the emotion. Nor is the emotion an entity that causes these componentsEmotions involve different components, such as subjective experience, cognitive processes, expressive behavior, psychophysiological changes, and instrumental behavior. At one time, academics attempted to identify the emotion with one of the components: William James with a subjective experience, behaviorists with instrumental behavior, psychophysiologists with physiological changes, and so on. More recently, emotion is said to consist of all the components. The different components of emotion are categorized somewhat differently depending on the academic discipline. In psychology and philosophy, emotion typically includes a subjective, conscious experience characterized primarily by psychophysiological expressions, biological reactions, and mental states. A similar multicomponential description of emotion is found in sociology. For example, Peggy Thoits described emotions as involving physiological components, cultural or emotional labels (e.g., anger, surprise etc.), expressive body actions, and the appraisal of situations and contexts.Research on emotion has increased significantly over the past two decades with many fields contributing including psychology, neuroscience, endocrinology, medicine, history, sociology, and even computer science. The numerous theories that attempt to explain the origin, neurobiology, experience, and function of emotions have only fostered more intense research on this topic. Current areas of research in the concept of emotion include the development of materials that stimulate and elicit emotion. In addition PET scans and fMRI scans help study the affective processes in the brain. It also is influenced by hormones and neurotransmitters such as dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin, oxytocin, cortisol and GABA.
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