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Date: BIO 260: BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS DNA STRUCTURE PRECONCEPTION TEST ************************************************************************ Short Answer: Please PRINT your answer to the following questions. ************************************************************************ 1. The abbreviation, DNA stands for: 2. What is the basic unit of DNA? 3. What kind of chemical bond holds the basic unit(s) of DNA together? Is this a strong or weak type of chemical bond? ************************************************************************ Multiple Choice: Circle the letter of the single answer that best answer the questions. ************************************************************************ 4. The basic unit or monomer of DNA is composed of a(n): A. Lipid, a molecule of nitrate and one of four amino acids B. Lipid, a molecule of phosphate and one of four amino acids C. Protein, a molecule of nitrate and one of four nitrogen containing bases D. Sugar, a molecule of phosphate and one of four amino acids E. Sugar, a molecule of phosphate and one of four nitrogen containing bases 5. Which one of the following substances is found in DNA but not in RNA? A. Uracil B. Thymine C. Cytosine D. Adenine E. Guanine 6. What is the sequence of a strand of DNA complementary to the sequence listed below? -T-G-G-C-A-A-C-T-A-G-C-C-T A. T-G-G-C-A-A-C-T-A-G-C-C-T B. U-G-G-C-A-A-C-U-A-G-C-C-U C. A-C-C-G-T-T-G-A-T-C-G-G-A D. A-C-C-G-U-U-G-A-U-C-G-G-A E. T-C-C-G-A-T-C-A-A-C-G-G-T 1 7. During DNA synthesis of double-stranded DNA: A. Each original strand serves as a copy for the other strand. B. Each original strand is synthesized at the same rate C. Each original strand is synthesized in the same direction D. Both original strands remain in the original cell E. Each new strand is identical to each other ************************************************************************ TRUE/FALSE Circle the letter of one of the five choices that best describes your response to the following statements. If you know why a statement is true or false please explain in the box below the choices. If you don’t know why a statement is true or false, then leave the box empty. ************************************************************************ 8. DNA is considered an informational molecule. A. I’m absolutely certain this is true B. I’m pretty sure this is true C. I have no idea whether this is true or false D. I’m pretty sure it is false E. I’m absolutely certain this is false 9. The genes in DNA contain the information for the production of cellular proteins. A. I’m absolutely certain this is true B. I’m pretty sure this is true C. I have no idea whether this is true or false D. I’m pretty sure it is false E. I’m absolutely certain this is false 10. DNA found in the nucleus of cells is composed of two strands wrapped around each other to form a double helix. A. I’m absolutely certain this is true B. I’m pretty sure this is true C. I have no idea whether this is true or false D. I’m pretty sure it is false E. I’m absolutely certain this is false 2 11. In order for two strands of DNA to stay together, the two strands must have the same sequence of basic units. A. I’m absolutely certain this is true B. I’m pretty sure this is true C. I have no idea whether this is true or false D. I’m pretty sure it is false E. I’m absolutely certain this is false 12. The chemical bonds that form between two strands of DNA are weak, hydrophobic bonds that form spontaneously in water. A. I’m absolutely certain this is true B. I’m pretty sure this is true C. I have no idea whether this is true or false D. I’m pretty sure it is false E. I’m absolutely certain this is false 13. Strands of DNA have direction. A. I’m absolutely certain this is true B. I’m pretty sure this is true C. I have no idea whether this is true or false D. I’m pretty sure it is false E. I’m absolutely certain this is false 14. When two strands of DNA are antiparallel to each other, it means that one of the strands is perpendicular to the other strand. A. I’m absolutely certain this is true B. I’m pretty sure this is true C. I have no idea whether this is true or false D. I’m pretty sure it is false E. I’m absolutely certain this is false 3 15. James Watson and Francis Crick were the first scientists to isolate DNA. A. I’m absolutely certain this is true B. I’m pretty sure this is true C. I have no idea whether this is true or false D. I’m pretty sure it is false E. I’m absolutely certain this is false 16. The primary structure of DNA refers to the linear sequence of basic units in a strand of DNA. A. I’m absolutely certain this is true B. I’m pretty sure this is true C. I have no idea whether this is true or false D. I’m pretty sure it is false E. I’m absolutely certain this is false 17. A single change in the sequence of DNA is not classified as a mutation if it does not alter the coding portion of a gene. A. I’m absolutely certain this is true B. I’m pretty sure this is true C. I have no idea whether this is true or false D. I’m pretty sure it is false E. I’m absolutely certain this is false 18. When separating strands of DNA in the laboratory, DNA molecules with a higher content of GC pairs are harder to separate. A. I’m absolutely certain this is true B. I’m pretty sure this is true C. I have no idea whether this is true or false D. I’m pretty sure it is false E. I’m absolutely certain this is false 4 19. Genes produced in a cell generate the phenotype or characteristics of a cell. A. I’m absolutely certain this is true B. I’m pretty sure this is true C. I have no idea whether this is true or false D. I’m pretty sure it is false E. I’m absolutely certain this is false 20. The enzyme that synthesizes DNA is called DNA replicase. A. I’m absolutely certain this is true B. I’m pretty sure this is true C. I have no idea whether this is true or false D. I’m pretty sure it is false E. I’m absolutely certain this is false 5